125 F. 130 | E.D. Va. | 1903
The collision in this case occurred in Chesapeake Bay, near the mouth of Hampton Roads, on the evening of the ist of March, 1903, about 7:45, at a point about halfway between Old Point Comfort and Thimble Light, between the R. M. Graham, a three-masted schooner, and barge No. 5 of the New York, Philadelphia & Norfolk Railroad Company, then in tow of said railroad company’s steam tug Delmar. The night was dark, tide ebb, and wind blowing a strong breeze from the north. The course of the Graham was west by south half south, and of the tug northeast by east. The schooner, loaded with lumber, was coming into Hampton Roads for anchorage, and the barge, loaded with cars, was being towed to Cape Charles, on her regular trip between Norfolk and that place; the vessels, respectively, making between six and seven miles an hour. The faults assigned by the parties, respectively, one against the other, are such as that each places the responsibility for the collision entirely upon the other; the schooner, in effect, charging that she was proceeding on her regular course, with the red lights of the tug exhibited to her, and the red lights of the schooner exhibited to the tug, until within a short distance of the tug, and when too late to avoid the collision by any movement on her part, the tug suddenly starboarded, and ran across the' schooner’s bow, bringing the barge into collision with the schooner, whereby she sustained damage to the extent of $9,084; whereas the respondent’s account of the collision is as follows:
“After passing Old Point, the wind was blowing heavily from the north northeast. The night was very dark. The tug' and barge were on their proper and usual course to pass to the west of the Thimble, the tug towing the barge on a hawser of about fifty fathoms in length. While thus running, making between six and seven miles an hour, the lights of three sailing vessels were sighted ahead, seemingly on schooners bound in, two of them showing their red lights on her port bow, and one, which afterwards turned out to be the schooner Graham, showing her green light to the tug and barge; the green light on the tug and barge being also visible to her. The schooners were apparently bound in for Hampton Roads, while the tug and barge were bound out, and the courses in which they were moving at that time were practically parallel, and there was nothing to suggest any danger or risk of collision. The vessels continued to move in this direction. The green light of the Graham broadened on the starboard bow of the tug until the tug had passed the schooner to port, and was about abeam of the Graham, when the Graham, for what purpose respondent is unable to say, rapidly changed her course by porting her helm, causing her to luff, and come into the barge,’ striking her starboard bow on the starboard of the barge, aft of amidships, and receiving the injury complained of.”
The respective contentions of the parties are supported by the crews of the vessels in collision, and the evidence is irreconcilably conflicting as to just how the accident happened, as it is evident, if the vessels approached each other, each exhibiting the same lights,—that is, green to green, or red to red,—as they insist they did, no collision could have occurred, unless there was a change of course on the part of one or other of the vessels. This conflict, in the view taken by the court of the law governing the case, need not necessarily be determined to ascertain the liability, though the court strongly inclines to adopt the schooner’s version as to the circumstances of the collision, and as to the lights that were exhibited by one vessel to the other at
The respondent’s evidence is to the effect that the schooner’s green light was seen as far as a mile or more away, and that the two vessels exhibited their green lights one to the other, and proceeded on their respective courses, until the tug was about abeam of the schooner, and about 200 yards away, when the schooner suddenly changed her course, luffed, and run across the course of, and into, the barge. This was a chance of collision that should not have been taken by the tug, and for which there was no excuse. It was not enough that the tug should have avoided a collision, but she should have avoided the risk of collision; and to proceed so closely on the course of the Graham, under the circumstances of this case, at the speed the vessels were respectively going, and in the then condition of the weather,'on a dark night, having in tow an ocean-going barge 342 feet in length, 46 feet beam, and a hawser 300 feet in length, loaded with freight cars, as to involve probable danger of collision, when there was no reason for so doing, was a risk that it assumed, and must bear the consequences thereof. The Carroll, 8 Wall. 302, 19 L. Ed. 392; The Falcon, 19 Wall. 75, 22 L. Ed. 98; The New York, 175 U. S. 187, 207, 20 Sup. Ct. 67, 44 L. Ed. 126; The Luckenbach, 93 Fed. 841, 842, 35 C. C. A. 628; Wilders S. S. Co. v. Low, 112 Fed. 161, 166, 171, 50 C. C. A. 473; Hughes Ad. 291.
The tug’s navigators evidently failed to take into account, and make proper allowance for, the effect of the then prevailing wind on a barge of the kind and length this 'was. There was ample searoom for the tug to have made any maneuver she saw proper, and there was noth
In the view taken by the court of the evidence in this case, the collision resulted solely from the fault of the tug, and a decree may accordingly be entered, so ascertaining the liability.