OPINION ON APPELLEE’S MOTION FOR REHEARING
Tune’s motion for rehearing is denied. We withdraw our earlier opinion and judgment issued March 26, 1998, and substitute this one in its place. The Texas Department of Public Safety (“D.P.S.”) appeals the trial court’s determination that Warren Lee Tune is eligible for a concealed handgun license under Tex.Rev.Civ. Stat. ANN. art. 4413(29ee) (Vernon Supp.1996). 1 The issue is whether a person who complеtes probation after a felony guilty plea and then is allowed to withdraw the plea and have the indictment dismissed and the conviction set aside, is eligible for a concealed handgun license. Because we find that Tune was “convicted” as that word is defined in article 4413 (The Concealed Handgun Act), we reverse the trial court’s judgment.
Background
In 1972 Tune was convicted оf a felony and sentenced to two years’ probation. After the probation was completed, an order was issued that set aside the conviction, dismissed the indictment, and provided that Tune was released from all penalties and disabilities resulting from the conviction.
Twenty-five years later Tune applied for a concealed handgun license with the D.P.S. After a background check the D.P.S. denied Tune’s application on the grounds that he was “convicted” under the meaning of article 4413 and ineligible for a license. Tune appealed to the justice of the peace court which ruled against the D.P.S. and ordered the D.P.S. to process Tune’s application. The D.P.S. then appealed to the county сourt at law, where the court ruled that Tune was not convicted under the meaning of article 4413 and ordered the D.P.S. to process his application.
Jurisdiction
On rehearing Tune asserts that this сourt is without jurisdiction
2
to address the
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D.P.S.’s appeal because the Concealed Handgun Act does not authorize appeals beyond the county court at law and specifically eliminаtes an appeal under the Administrative Procedures Act.
See
Tex.Rev.Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 4413 § 7(a), (e) (repealed 1997). In
Texas Dept. of Public Safety v. Jones,
The Texas Constitution grants the Courts of Appeal jurisdiction over all cases of which the district or county courts have original or appellate jurisdiction, “under such restriсtions and regulations as may be prescribed by law.” Tex. Const, art. V, § 6. Therefore, this court has jurisdiction over the present case, subject to any restrictions or regulations.
Id. at 786.
Here, therе are no restrictions or regulations on the D.P.S.’s appeal from the county court at law and we conclude that we have jurisdiction over the appeal.
Conviction
We review quеstions of law de novo, without deference to the lower court’s conclusions.
See State v. Heal,
(4) “Convicted” means an adjudication of guilt or an order of deferred adjudication entered аgainst a person by a court of competent jurisdiction whether or not:
(A) the imposition of the sentence is subsequently probated and the person is discharged from community supеrvision; or
(B) the person is pardoned for the offense, unless the pardon is expressly granted for subsequent proof of innocence.
Tex.Rev.Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 4413(29ee) § 1 (repealed 1997).
Cоurts must enforce the plain meaning of the words of an unambiguous statute.
See St. Luke’s Episcopal Hosp. v. Agbor,
Article 4413 provides that a person is convicted when adjudicated guilty or given deferred adjudication, whether or not the sentence is probated and the person is discharged from community supervision, and whether or not a person is pardoned for anything except innocence. The legislature did not require any specific terms or conditions under which a person is “discharged from community supervision.” In 1974, after he successfully completed probation, the court released Tune in accord with cоde of criminal procedure article 42.12. Article 42.12, at that time and presently, mandates that upon satisfactory completion of the conditions of community supervision, “the judgе shall dismiss” the indictment. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12 (Vernon 1979 & Supp.1998) (emphasis added). The dismissal releases the defendant from “all penalties and disabilities resulting from the offense.” Id.
The word “shall” imposеs a duty. Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 311.016 (Vernon Supp.1998). The dismissal of the indictment and the resultant set aside of the conviction are functions a court must carry out upon the decision to releasе someone from community supervision. Therefore, article 4413’s reference to a “discharge from community supervision” necessarily includes the steps of dismissing the indictment and setting aside the conviction.
When a person satisfactorily completes a deferred adjudication, “dismissal and discharge under this section may not be deemed a conviction fоr the purposes of disqualifications or disabilities imposed by law.” Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 5(c) (Vernon 1979 & Supp.1998);
Jones v. State,
Tune contends that the language of article 42.12 releasing a defendant from “all penalties аnd disabilities resulting from the offense” prevents his prior conviction from being used to deny his license application. A permit to carry a concealed handgun, like other pеrmits and licenses, is not a right but a privilege under regulations prescribed by the legislature.
See e.g., Texas Alcoholic Beverage Com’n v. Wishnow,
R.R.E. concerned the eligibility of a pеrson released from community supervision under the same procedure as Tune to sit on a jury. Because the power to grant reprieves, commutations of sentence аnd pardons is vested by the Texas Constitution in the Governor we stated in R.R.E. that:
The common, ordinary meaning of the language in article 42.12 is that a trial judge may, in certain circumstances, releаse a defendant from all disabilities and penalties resulting from the conviction. The difficulty ..., however, is not in interpreting the meaning of article 42.12, but in determining whether it may alter a constitutional provision, as article IV, section 11 of the Constitution provides that it is the Governor who may grant reprieves, commutations of sentence and pardons.
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[Ajrticle 42.12, section 20 does not have the effect of removing all disabilities imposed by the Constitution ... We note in passing that such statute is not absolute and fails to do what it says it is doing in that there are stated exceptions to the restoration of rights: the prior conviction shall be made known on a subsequent conviction of any offense; it may be considered if the person convicted hоlds a license or applies for a license to operate a child-care facility; and the restoration of rights does not apply to state jail felonies.
Id. at 192-93.
Under both the plain meaning of article 4413 § 29 (ee) and the rationale of our opinion in R.R.E., Tune’s prior conviction makes him ineligible for a concealed handgun license, notwithstanding the withdrawal of his plea in that case, the dismissal of his indictment, and the setting aside of the conviction pursuant to article 42.12. The D.P.S.’s point is sustained.
Conclusion
Because Tune was convicted within the meaning of article 4413 § 29 (ee) we reverse the trial court’s decision and render judgment for the D.P.S. that Tune is not eligible for a concealed handgun license.
Notes
. Repealed by Act of May 8, 1997, 75 th Leg., R.S., ch. 165, § 10.01(b), 1978 Tex. Gen. Laws 327, 397 (recodified at Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 411.171 (Vernon Supp.1998)).
. Tune cites Tex Gov’t Code Ann. § 22.220 (Vernon 1988) which provides that the courts of appeal have jurisdiction in a civil in which the judgment or amount in controversy exceeds $100.