76 N.W. 225 | N.D. | 1898
Action of conversion against a sheriff for the value of a stock of goods seized and sold by the officer, but of which plaintiff claims to have been the owner. The officer justified under a writ against plaintiff’s vendors. The only issues related to the ownership of the goods and their value. There was a verdict for plaintiff, a new trial was denied, judgment upon the verdict, and defendant appeals.
Plaintiff’s vendors had been doing business as merchants. They ■nade an assignment for the benefit of creditors. From that assignment they reserved goods valued at $1,500 as their exemptions under the statute. These goods had been separated from the general stock, but not removed from the building. The building and general stock were in the possession of the assignee. The assignors sold
The errors assigned relate to the rulings upon evidence, the refusal of the Court to direct a verdict at the close of plaintiff’s testimony, and the order overruling the motion for a new trial. The motion for a directed verdict was waived by not being renewed after the testimony was all in. Bowman v. Eppinger, 1 N. D. 21, 44 N. W. Rep. 1000; Colby v. McDermont, 6 N. D. 495, 71 N. W. Rep. 772. The ruling on the motion for a new trial will need no consideration after the discussion of the rulings upon the evidence, as it was practically based thereon.
The trial court excluded all evidence offered by defendant tending to show that the debt to satisfy which the property was seized was incurred by plaintiff’s vendors for property obtained by fraud and false pretenses.- It is urged that this is error, for two reasons: First, if the property was in fact exempt, there could be no fraud, as to creditors, based upon any transfer thereof. Hence it was material for defendant to show that it was not exempt, and as our statute does not allow general exemptions, as against a debt incurred by fraud or false pretenses, it was proper to allege and prove such fraud. This claim is based upon Taylor v. Rice, 1 N. D. 72, 44 N. W. Rep. 1017, where, in a somewhat similar case, we held that fraud might be shown to defeat exemptions. And, second, it is urged that among the goods so seized by the officer there were some of the specific goods purchased by plaintiff’s vendors from the plaintiff in execution, and, as there was' fraud in their purchase, no title passed to the purchaser, and he could give none, and as to such property, at least; the seizure was rightful. The Court instructed the jury that there was no question of exemption in this case, for the reason that plaintiff’s vendors had not claimed their exemptions; and had them set apart as required by law. It is therefore perfectly clear that there was no prejudicial error in refusing to permit defendant to show fraud in order to defeat exemptions,- as the jury were plainly instructed that the property was not exempt in the' hands of plaintiff’s vendors. As to the second point, defendant seized the goods as the property of plaintiff’s vendors. He sold it their property, and applied the proceeds on their debt. He cannot be heard to say that they never had any title to the goods. But, further, defendant’s legal proposition is unsound. If plaintiff was a good-faith purchaser, the title to the property vested in him, not
The remaining errors relate to the question of value. The evidence, as usual; took a wide range, running from $400 to $2,500. The jury placed it at $1,000. Plaintiff was a competent witness on the point. He was the owner of the goods. He had had some experience in that line. If his experience was shown to be limited, the jury would consider that fact in weighing his testimony. One Murphy was asked, “What, in your opinion was the value, per cent, on the dollar,- — the market value, — of the goods in question in Neche at the time of the conversion?” He was not permitted to afiswer. There was no error. Plis answer could not have aided the jury. No basis was fixed upon which to calculate the per cent. Whether it was upon the price for which they were purchased, or the price at which they were marked for sale, does not appear. It does appear that the witness never saw the cost inventory, and did not know the selling mark. He was acquainted with the value of the goods, and, if he had been asked to state the value of the goods, his testimony would have been competent. In this case plaintiff’s vendors selected from a stock valued at $3,500 what they supposed to be the full amount of their exemptions. The statute allowed them $1,500. They were in no manner restricted in their selections. The evidence shows that they took the most salable goods, and they were acquainted .(with the value of goods. They had sold $100 to other parties. Had they taken more than the statutory allowance, it would not, under the circumstances, have been surprising, but that they should have made a mistake of $400 against their own