14 Haw. 586 | Haw. | 1903
OPINION OP THE COURT BY
Tli© defendant was tried and convicted in tbe District Court of Holoa, Kauai, of tbe offense of selling spirituous liquor without a license. After trial, on appeal, in tbe Circuit Court of tbe Fifth Circuit, tbe jury rendered a verdict of guilty. The case comes to this Court on- a number of exceptions.
1. Before the drawing of the jury, tbe defendant presented a motion to dismiss the proceedings and for a discharge, upon tbe grounds, (a) that tbe District Magistrate of Koloa had no
These objections to the affidavit, so far as they bear upon the question of the jurisdiction of the District Court, need not be passed upon, for even if the warrant was improperly or illegally issued by reason of its being based upon an affidavit insufficient in form or in substance, the District Court nevertheless had jurisdiction. The evidence shows that when the offense was committed police officers were present, about fifty feet away from the spot, in a store, -where the liquor was handed over, and saw such delivery, and that they immediately rushed in and arrested the defendant. Hnder these circumstances an arrest without a warrant was legal. • See sections 545 and 547, Penal Laws.
The contention that the “complaint upon which the defendant * * * -was tried does not sufficiently state any cause,” would seem to be based upon a misconception of the true function of the affidavit or so-called complaint. The sole function of the complaint, as provided for by section 606 of the Penal Laws, is to support the issuance of the warrant or, in other words, to enable the magistrate to determine whether or not there is probable cause to believe that an offens'e has been committed by the accused so as to justify his apprehension. The complaint referred to in that section is not the charge upon which the defendant is tried, although it is a statement in substance, and may also be in exact language, of the offense to be set forth in the charge subsequently entered against the defendant in Court. The charge itself is, under the practice prevailing in the District Courts, entered orally by the prosecuting officer upon the defendant’s appearance and noted by the magistrate in hisrecord, and it is upon the charge as thus entered that the trial i s had. The precise form, of the charge entered against this defendant in the District Court of Koloa, is not disclosed by the record before us, nor does it ap
2. An exception was taken to the -introduction in evidence of certain liquor and to- the admission of-testimony concerning the finding of such liquor, on the ground that the search-warrant issued did not authorize the search of the building in which such liquor was found. The Search-warrant directed search to be made on “the premises of Sing Kee” situate “at Ele-ele, Koloa, Kauai, on the mauka side of the main road leading past the mill (old) going to Hanapepe.” The evidence is undisputed that the building -in questión was within the same enclosure or yard in which Sing Kee’s store stood. The words of the description, “the premises,” áre sufficient to include the second building as well as the store. But even if the search, as to the second building, was unauthorized, that would not of itself render the evidence thus fo-und incompetent or inadmissible. See Gindrat v. The People, 138 Ill. 103, 4; Williams v. The State, 39 L. R. A. (Ga.) 269.
3. The admission in evidence of the liquor found in the second house was excepted to- on the further ground that no evidence was -adduced to show that the defendant had control of the house. With this, three other exceptions may be considered. One is to the admission of the testimony of a witness for the prosecution that in his opinion the- total quantity of liquor found -o-n the premises was more than -is reasonably required for the use of one person or family; -another, to a ruling permitting the deputy sheriff to- read from his return endorsed on the search-warrant a list of the liquor found; and the third to a ruling permitting the prosecuting officer to read to the jury section 454, Penal Laws, which provides,' inter alia, that “there being on such premises” (of any person) “more spirituous liquor than is reasonably required for the use of the persons residing therein, shall be deemed prima facie -evidence of the unlawful sale of spirituous liquor by such person.” This evidence was offered and received, and the section read, evidently for the
4. The court refused to give three instructions requested by the defendant, the substance of which was that the evidence of an informer, especially a “volunteer” informer, should be received “with caution and distrust,” “with great caution 'and distrust,” and should be “rigidly scrutinized,” and that “the greatest caution” should be “exercised by the jury in giving credence and weight” to such evidence. In this there was no error. The instructions requested did not correctly state the law. The tes
The exceptions are overruled.