181 F. Supp. 235 | E.D. Pa. | 1960
This was a suit for personal injuries incurred when plaintiff was apparently robbed and beaten while on the property of defendant, King Farms Company, by a fellow laborer, one Gomez. Plaintiff had been employed by the defendant as a laborer, but a few days prior to the alleged beating, plaintiff had been fired. At the time of the alleged beating, plaintiff was on the defendant’s property, not as an employee, but as a licensee, since defendant had allowed plaintiff to remain on defendant’s premises long enough to gather together his possessions.
At the trial the alleged robber and assaulter of plaintiff was not available to testify, and the plaintiff himself was physically and mentally incapable of testifying. Plaintiff’s attorney attempted to prove the actual occurrence of the robbery and beating by repeated attempts to introduce hearsay testimony. Although we do not base our decision of this motion on the sufficiency of plaintiff’s proof of the assault, we do note the inadequacy of that proof.
Plaintiff’s attorney tried the case on the theory that the defendant had a duty to employ a “reasonable number” of policemen or constables to patrol the farm, that defendant breached this duty, and that as a result of this breach of duty plaintiff was exposed to the assault and suffered injuries at the hands of the said Gomez. After plaintiff had presented all his evidence, the Court directed a verdict for the defendant. Plaintiff then made this motion for a new trial.
Fortunately, The Law is much more specific than plaintiff would have it in defining the obligation of an employer to control the acts of his employees when they are acting outside the scope of their employment. We say “fortunately” because' it would be a hard society which would make an employer liable for the vicious act of an employee simply because the act took place on the employer’s premises. But we need make no social judgments here in order to hold this defendant blameless for the vicious act allegedly committed by its employee, Gomez. The Restatement of Torts, Section 317,
“A master is under a duty to exercise reasonable care so to control his servant while acting outside the course of his employment as to prevent him from intentionally harming .others * * *, if
“(a) the servant
“(i) is upon the premises in possession of the master * * *, and “(b) the master
“(i) knows or has reason to know that he has the ability to control his servant, and
“(ii) knows or should know of the necessity and opportunity for exercising such control.”
This rule of law is based on the premise that a master ordinarily has the ability to control his servant because the master can threaten him with loss of his employment if the servant does not obey. It logically follows that unless the master had some warning that a particular servant was going to act lawlessly, there would be no occasion for the master to attempt to exercise his measure of control over that servant. Therefore, the Restatement rule requires the master to be aware of his ability to control his servant and to have reason to know of “the necessity and opportunity for exercising such control.”
Applying the law to the facts in the case at bar, the plaintiff produced no evidence whatever which would tend to show that the defendant had any reason to know of the necessity for controlling the actions of the said Gomez. On the contrary, the evidence tended to show that an investigation by the defendant’s personnel manager revealed no past police record of Gomez. Nor was there any evidence that defendant knew or had reason to know that Gomez had been in any trouble while employed on the defendant’s farm prior to the alleged assault. Under these circumstances, as a matter of law, the defendant had no duty to exercise reasonable care to control his servant Gomez while the said Gomez was acting outside the course of his employment.
The Pennsylvania Courts have followed the law as we have stated it from
“A carrier is not liable for injuries to a passenger resulting from the negligence or unlawful acts of a fellow passenger unless prior to the act which causes the injury the conduct of the offending party has been such to give rise to a reasonable apprehension of injury to other parties. * * * ” [Emphasis supplied.]3
This case clearly demonstrates that Pennsylvania law requires the apprehension of danger by the master of a par-ticidar person. That is to say, in order to be held responsible for Gomez’ alleged assault, defendant would have had to have had some reason to suspect that Gomez would act violently and would have had to have been able to control Gomez’ conduct. The plaintiff’s evidence failed entirely to establish either of these possibilities.
Order
And now, to wit, this 24th day of February, 1960, It Is Ordered that the plaintiff’s motion for a new trial is hereby Denied.
. Section 318 defines the duty of an owner of land to control the conduct of a person on the land with the owner’s permission. The duty is the same as that set forth in Section 317 re an employer’s duty to control the conduct of his employees on the employer’s land.
. Although this case did not deal with a master’s duty to control his servant, it dealt with the parallel duty of a property owner as set forth in Section 318 of the Restatement.
. See Dincher v. Great A & P Tea Co., 356 Pa. 151, 51 A.2d 710; Cherillo v. Steinberg, 118 Pa.Super. 485, 180 A. 115; Sheets v. Sanbury & N. Electric Railroad Co., 237 Pa. 158, 85 A. 92; Hillebrecht v. Pittsburgh Rys. Co., 55 Pa. Super. 204.