Ray Taylor (“Taylor”) appeals from the Labor and Industrial Relations Commis
We hold that where an employer’s answer to a Claim for Compensation is not timely filed, the facts deemed admitted do not extend to the disability percentage determination because that determination is strictly within the special province of the Commission to determine, regardless of the facts presented or stipulations by the parties. We find no error and affirm.
Factual Background
Ray Taylor was employed by Labor Pros, L.L.C. (“Employer”). On November 3, 2006, Taylor was striking a wooden block with a sledge hammer “when a piece of wood broke off and struck him in the left eye,” causing injury. Taylor went to the emergency room with complaints of eye pain and watering. There he was seen by an ophthalmologist who noted photo-phobia, swelling, pain, tearing and blurred vision. Taylor was prescribed medication.
On June 6, 2007, Taylor filed a claim for compensation using the prescribed “Claim for Compensation” form.
On July 9, 2007, Taylor again went to the emergency room with complaints of pain, redness, tearing and flashes, though no floaters were found in the eye. He was diagnosed with vitreous prolapse with pigment present in the vitreous. The doctor recommended that he follow up in one year and that he wear protective eye wear when working.
On August 31, 2010 and November 22, 2010, four years after the initial injury, Taylor was examined by Dr. Rolfe Becker at the request of Employer in connection with Taylor’s claim for workers’ compensation. Dr. Becker conducted two examinations and completed the “Physician’s Report on Eye Injuries” as outlined in 8 CSR 50-5.020, which is the regulation governing workers’ compensation eye injuries. Dr. Becker opined that Taylor had a thirty percent permanent partial disability to his left eye based upon a loss of visual efficiency. The disability was based on (1) central vision acuity, (2) field of vision, and (3) muscle function. Although Dr. Becker noted abnormal functioning of the left pupil, a painful photophobic eye was the basis of a thirty percent loss of visual acuity in the left eye. Taylor’s uncorrected eye ex
Taylor testified that eye pain comes and goes and that he has trouble reading. He does not wear glasses, contacts or use eye drops, nor does he wear sunglasses inside due to sensitivity to light exposure. Taylor offered no medical testimony regarding the percentage of disability he sustained in his eye.
At trial, Taylor objected to the admission of any evidence regarding the percentage of disability to his eye based upon his argument that pursuant to 8 CSR 50-2.010(8)(B), by failing to timely answer his claim for compensation, all factual issues alleged in the claim were deemed admitted. Because his claim specifically listed that he had sustained seventy-five percent permanent partial disability to his eye, he argues that this fact is admitted and that no further proof of the extent of his disability is necessary or admissible. The Commission rejected this argument and awarded Taylor thirty percent permanent partial disability to his left eye, consistent with the medical testimony.
Standard of Review
Our standard of review is governed by Section 287.495.1, which provides:
The court, on appeal, shall review only questions of law and may modify, reverse, remand for rehearing, or set aside the award upon any of the following grounds and no other:
(1) That the commission acted without or in excess of its powers;
(2) That the award was procured by fraud;
(3) That the facts found by the commission do not support the award;
(4)That there was not sufficient competent evidence in the record to warrant the making of the award.
“A court must examine the whole record to determine if it contains sufficient competent and substantial evidence to support the award, i.e., whether the award is contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence.” Hampton v. Big Boy Steel Erection, 121 S.W.3d 220, 222-23 (Mo. banc 2003). “An award that is contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence is, in context, not supported by competent and substantial evidence.” Id. at 223.
Nothing requires this Court to review the evidence and all reasonable inferences drawn from the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commission’s decision. The whole record is considered to determine if there is sufficient competent and substantial evidence to support the Commission’s award. A reviewing court considers whether the Commission could have reasonably made its findings, and reached its result, upon consideration of all the evidence before it.
This Court defers to the Commission’s factual findings and recognizes that it is the Commission’s function to determine credibility of witnesses. This Court may not substitute its judgment on the evidence, and when the evidence before an administrative body would warrant either of two opposed findings, the reviewing court is bound by the administrative determination, and it is irrelevant that there is supportive evidence for the contrary finding.
Hornbeck v. Spectra Painting, Inc., 370 S.W.3d 624, 629 (Mo. banc 2012) (citations and quotation marks omitted).
However, “[w]hen an administrative agency decision is based on the agency’s interpretation and application of the law, we review the administrative agency’s con-
Analysis
In his sole point on appeal, Taylor argues that the Commission erred in determining that Taylor had only a thirty percent permanent partial disability to his left eye because the untimely answer
The regulation upon which Taylor bases his argument is 8 CSR 50-2.010(8)(B), which states:
Unless the Answer to Claim for Compensation is filed within thirty (30) days from the date the division acknowledges receipt of the claim or any extension previously granted, the statements of fact in the Claim for Compensation shall be deemed admitted for any further proceedings.
The facts deemed to be admitted are “the statements of fact in the Claim for Compensation” form. By deeming admitted the facts contained in the Claim for Compensation, the discovery penalty limits what a party may argue.
The most recently updated version of the Division’s Claim Form must be used and it cannot be altered or it will be rejected.
The failure to timely answer results in the factual statements in the claim being admitted, but does not result in the admission of legal conclusions such as whether the injury arose out of or in the course of the employment. Lumbard-Bock v. Winchell’s Donut Shop, 939 S.W.2d 456, 457-458 (Mo.App. W.D.1996) (overruled in part on other grounds).
In addition, the Commission must address the issue of what percentage of Ms. Lumbard — Bock’s injury is attributable to her admitted work accident. As Ms. Lumbard — Bock concedes, although the fact of the accident at work and its causal relationship to some degree of her injury was admitted, the Commission was free to, and indeed required to, make a factual determination of what portion of her damages resulted from the work accident.
Lumbard-Bock, 939 S.W.2d at 459.
The untimely answer resulted in these facts being deemed admitted: (1) the accident occurred, and (2) it was at least partially the cause of claimant’s injury. The cause was remanded back to the Commission for a determination of the disability percentage. Id. at 458.
Likewise in Ward v. Mid-America Fittings, when an employer failed to timely answer the employee’s claim, this Court held that the Commission erred in not deeming admitted the employee’s factual allegations in the claim form that (1) the injury occurred, and (2) it occurred at work. 974 S.W.2d 586, 588 (Mo.App. W.D.1998). In Ward, the employee contended “that the late filing should have caused the commission to deem her allegations admitted.” Id. at 587. Her allegations included that 1) “claimant [is] permanently and totally disabled,” 2) “claimant is temporarily totally disabled and seeks benefits, past and future ...” and 3) “claimant’s chair rolled out from under [her] while it was on a plastic chair protector and claimant struck her left posterior skull.” Id. at 588. We held that “because the commission was obligated to deem [the employer] to have deemed admitted Ward’s allegations, the Commission erred in finding that Ward failed to prove she fell at work in a work-related accident ...” Id. at 588. We then reversed and remanded the case “to the commission to consider the issue of permanent partial disability which has not been adjudicated.” Id. Implicit in our remand back to the Commission to determine only the percentage of disability was a rejection that the Commission was bound to deem admitted all of the claimant’s allegations when the employer fails to timely answer.
The Eastern District of this Court reached the same result in Hendricks v. Motor Freight Corporation when it held that only the “fact of the accident” was deemed admitted when an employer untimely answered. 570 S.W.2d 702 (Mo.App. E.D.1978).
Our courts have recognized that the employee’s average weekly wage is a fact that is admitted by an employer’s untimely answer. Aldridge v. S. Mo. Gas Co., 131 S.W.3d 876 (Mo.App. S.D.2004). Even the factual allegation of “max rate” as to the average weekly wage was recently deemed admitted by an untimely answer, because it was a factual allegation that was easily computed by the statute and rules in effect at the time of the accident. T.H. v. Sonic
However, it is well established that “the determination of a specific amount or percentage of disability awarded to a claimant is a finding of fact within the special province of the Commission.” Angus v. Second Injury Fund, 328 S.W.3d 294, 304 (Mo.App. W.D.2010) (quoting Landers v. Chrysler Corp., 963 S.W.2d 275, 284 (Mo.App. E.D.1997)); See also Banner Iron Works v. Mordis, 663 S.W.2d 770, 773 (Mo.App. E.D.1983); Reece v. St. Joseph Lead Co., 465 S.W.2d 849, 852 (Mo.App. E.D.1971); McAdams v. Seven-Up Bottling Works, 429 S.W.2d 284, 289 (Mo.App. W.D.1968); Barron v. Mississippi Lime Co. of Mo., 285 S.W.2d 46, 48 (Mo.App. E.D.1955). The courts have repeatedly said that the extent and percentage of disability is within the special province of the Commission to determine. Davis v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc., 366 S.W.2d 84, 88 (Mo.App. E.D.1963) (emphasis added).
“It is the exclusive province of the Commission to determine the matters of disability.” Carter v. Frito-Lay, 913 S.W.2d 341, 343 (Mo.App. E.D.1995) (citing Robinson v. Krey Packing Co., 467 S.W.2d 91, 95 (Mo.App.1971)). “The degree of disability resulting from an injury and preexisting conditions are questions of fact resolved by the Commission.” Carter, 913 S.W.2d at 343 (citing Johnson v. Terre Du Lac, Inc., 788 S.W.2d 782, 783 (Mo.App. E.D.1990)). The Commission may consider all the evidence, including the testimony of the employee, and draw all reasonable inferences in arriving at the percentage of disability. Blair v. Associated Wholesale Grocers, Inc., 593 S.W.2d 650, 655 (Mo.App. S.D.1980) (citing Fogelsong v. Banquet Foods Corp., 526 S.W.2d 886, 892 (Mo.App. W.D.1975)).
Appellate courts have affirmed disability ratings made by the Commission which exceeded the highest of the percentages expressed in medical opinions. Blair, 593 S.W.2d at 655. Additionally, the Commission has the power to disregard a joint stipulation of facts that was entered into by the parties. See Bull v. Excel Corp., 985 S.W.2d 411, 415 (Mo.App. W.D.1999) (Commission not bound by stipulation entered into by the parties regarding length of employee’s exposure to repetitive motion where stipulation worked manifest injustice upon employee).
The Commission is not bound by the experts’ exact percentages of disability and is free to find a disability rating higher or lower than that expressed in medical testimony. This is because a claimant’s degree of disability is not solely a medical question. As such, the Commission was not required to accept the specific rating percentage assigned by [the testifying doctor], notwithstanding the uncontradicted nature of his testimony.
Tillotson v. St. Joseph Med. Ctr., 347 S.W.3d 511, 523-524 (Mo.App. W.D. 2011) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
Conclusion
While the fact of an accident and its role in causing an injury may be deemed admitted under the regulation when an employer fails to timely answer, a disability determination alleged within the claim is not to be deemed admitted nor is the Commission bound by it. To do so would (1) go beyond the anticipated scope of the regulation in light of its use of a standardized Claim for Compensation form that does not include a disability percentage estimation, and (2) usurp and undermine the “special province of the
Because the Commission deemed admitted only the fact of the accident and its role in causing Taylor’s eye injury, it did not exceed its authority and we find no error.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.
All concur.
.All references to the CSR are to the Missouri Code of State Regulations as current with amendments included in the Missouri Register through the most recent update.
. The facts here are taken as found by the Commission in its Findings of Fact dated March 30, 2012.
. The form for a Claim for Compensation is promulgated at 8 CSR 50-2.010. .
. It is not disputed by the parties that Employer's answer was untimely.
. This regulation is promulgated pursuant to the authority provided to the Division under section 287.650, which states: "The division of workers' compensation shall have such powers as may be necessary to carry out all the provisions of this chapter including the use of electronic processes, and it may make such rules and regulations as may be necessary for any such purpose, subject to the approval of the Labor and Industrial Relations Commission of Missouri. The division shall have power to strike pleadings and enter awards against any party or parties who fail or refuse to comply with its lawful orders.”
. See Instructions for Completing Claim for Compensation, WC-21 (03-12) AI. Available at http://www.labor.mo.gov (last visited 12/05/12).
. "There is nothing in the constitution or section 287.495.1 that requires a reviewing court to view the evidence and all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom in the light most favorable to the award.” Hampton v. Big Boy Steel Erection, 121 S.W.3d 220 (Mo. banc 2003). “To the extent holding otherwise, the cases listed in the appendix are overruled.” Id. at 223. Lumbard-Bock was listed in the appendix.