80 Mich. 77 | Mich. | 1890
The defendant was organized February 21, 1865, under an act of the Legislature providing for the organization of train-railway companies, enacted in 1855. How. Stat. chap. 94. This act was amended in 1861 by adding two new sections. Laws of 1861, p. 11. This amendment provided that it should be competent for parties to organize companies under the act to construct and operate railways in and through the streets of any town or city in the State, and that they should have the exclusive right to use the same, upon obtaining the consent of the municipal authorities of such town or city. A further amendment, in 1867, provided that, after such consent was given and accepted, such municipal authorities should make no regulations or conditions whereby the rights or franchises so granted should be destroyed, or unreasonably impaired, or such company or corporation be deprived of the right of constructing, maintaining, and
Bay City was incorporated by special act of the Legislature in 1865, taking effect March 21. Laws of 1865, p. 735. The charter provided that the common council should have power to grant charters, licenses, and privileges to companies, corporations, or persons for the construction of street railways on the streets of said city. In 1869 the charter of Bay City was amended. 2 Laws of 1869, p. 561. Section 98 of this act provided that the common council should have power to authorize the running of railroads and street railways in the streets of said city upon condition that the owners of the lots adjoining, and persons interested therein, should receive compensation therefor. This act also conferred other powers of control over such railways which were not conferred! by the act of 1865, but it is unnecessary here to specify them. This provision has been retained in the charter ever since.
December 14, 1864, the common council of the village of Bay City passed an ordinance conveying to certain persons therein named, who then proposed to organize a corporation under the train-railway act, above mentioned, the right to use all the streets in the village of Bay City or its successor, exclusive of every other person or corporation, for the purpose of constructing and operating railways thereon. It provided that cars should be drawn by animals or by steam, made regulations for the running of trains, etc., and provided that the common council, when deeming it for the interest of the village or its • successor, might order the construction of a railway on any street, and the corporation should build the same within two years after being notified, and in default thereof the council might declare the grant void as to such street.
The complainants are the owners of separate lots on Third street, and the buildings situated thereon, used for business purposes. TJpon the commencement of the work the complainants united, and filed the bill in this case, claiming that the construction of the roa'd would be a damage to their property; that this street was not wide enough for the business then being done upon it; that no compensation had been paid or offered to any of the complainants, nor any steps taken to condemn a right of way through said street, — and prayed for an injunction to restrain the construction of the road. A preliminary injunction was granted by the court below, which was set aside upon the filing of the answer. The case was then heard upon pleadings and proofs, the bill dismissed, and complainants appealed. The testimony upon the question of damages is very conflicting. It is unnecessary to discuss it here; for,. if the complainants are
1. Complainants were alike affected by the construction of this road. They were alike interested to restrain its construction. Their interests were therefore common. There was but one object to be accomplished, and no necessity existed for a multiplicity of suits. The defendant was not prejudiced by the joinder of complainants. We see no objection to parties joining in a suit, the sole purpose of which is to obtain an injunction to restrain the commission of an act threatened by one party, and alike injurious to the interests of all.
2. The defendant contends that, by the ordinance of 1864, and the legislation authorizing it, it acquired the fixed and vested right, for a period of 30 years, to use the streets for the purpose of constructing and using a street railway, without compensating adjoining owners, and that any subsequent legislation requiring it to compensate in damages for any injuries sustained thereafter by the construction of new tracks is void as impairing the obligation of contracts. It becomes, therefore, important to determine the power conferred by the Legislature upon the common council of Bay City. The council can, of course, confer no greater right upon the defendant than is authorized by its charter.
Municipal corporations derive their sole source of power from legislative enactments. The rule has been long and unquestionably established that municipal corporations are limited to those powers which are granted—
1. In express words.
2. Necessarily incident to the powers expressly granted.
3. Those which are essential and indispensable to the declared objects and purposes of the corporation. 1 Dill. Mun. Corp. § 89.
The power to grant immunity to such corporations from legislative regulation and control is an important ■one. A village of a few hundred inhabitants may in much less than 30 years grow to a city of many thousands-Bay City well illustrates this fact. What in the one would cause no damage might in the other cause great ■damage. The village council cannot well provide regulations and ordinances applicable to a large city. It is, ■therefore, highly important that the Legislature should retain the power to pass enactments for the control of these quasi public corporations suitable to the changed state of affairs. Those who claim immunity from such ■control must be able to point to the clear enactment of the statute establishing it. In the case at bar, as already .stated, no such express power can be pointed out; and it was neither necessary, essential, nor indispensable to unable the municipal corporation to carry out the objects and purposes for which it was created. It is clearly within the power of the Legislature to provide that street railway corporations shall pay such damages to owners of abutting property, in front of which they construct their
The conclusion above reached renders it unnecessary to determine the other questions raised in the case, and we pass no opinion upon the liability of the defendant at-the common law. The decree must be reversed, with the-costs of both courts, and decree entered here restraining the defendant from the use of that part of its road extending on Third street between Water and Washington streets, until it has complied with the statute requiring condemnation proceedings, but giving a' reasonable-time for that purpose.