168 S.W.2d 458 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1943
This is an appeal from an award by the Workmen's Compensation Commission in favor of the respondent for an accident alleged to have occurred on or about April 22, 1941, while the respondent was in the employ of the Midland Flour Milling Company, one of the appellants. The claimant (respondent) contended in his claim for compensation that a fellow employee grabbed him while he was engaged at his work, and pushed him between a wall and a steam pipe so that he was thereby injured. To this claim the appellants filed their answer in which, among other things, it was denied that the claimant sustained any accidental injury which arose out of and in the course of his employment. It was further alleged in the answer that claimant was not suffering from any accidental disability and that any injury which he had resulted from "horseplay."
A hearing was held by one of the referees of the Commission, who made an award allowing the claimant compensation. This was reviewed by the entire Commission, which affirmed the award of the *395 referee and found that the claimant as suffering "from an accidental injury arising out of and in the course of his employment." From the final award by the Commission, the cause was appealed to the Circuit Court of Clay County and that court affirmed the award, and appeal was perfected to this court.
The appellants assign three grounds of error, but in their argument very properly consider all three assignments together because, in effect, they raise but one issue, and that is whether there is substantial evidence to support the findings and award of the Commission. It is conceded that the respondent was employed by Midland Flour Milling Company at their mill in North Kansas City; that his duties consisted of cleaning and tempering wheat, looking after the machines, and cleaning and oiling them. On the day of the incident leading to this controversy, the respondent was on duty at the plant and at that particular time was sweeping dust and dirt in a hallway in which was located a man-lift which extended from the basement to the upper floors and was a power driven belt with steps and hand holds which would permit the employees to hold to in going from one floor to the other. One side of the belt would carry them to the upper floors, while the opposite side would bring them down.
While respondent was sweeping the hallway and within two or three feet of this man-lift, Brant Morris, a fellow employee, stepped on the man-lift and went to one of the upper floors. In a few minutes he returned to the floor where the respondent was working, and without saying anything to the respondent, grabbed him around his arms and body from the back and then followed a good natured scuffle for ten or fifteen seconds. No words were spoken, but respondent admitted it was all in fun. In trying to release himself from Morris' grip, respondent testified, "I got in a twist between the pipes and the wall and in the course of the struggle I hurt my back, and right away I felt like a tearing sensation." This incident occurred about one P.M., and respondent continued his work until his usual quitting time at three P.M. On his way home, he stopped at a toilet and noticed blood in his urine. He suffered considerable discomfort during the night and remained at home for three or four days and then was placed under the care of a physician and has not been able to return to work since. Brant Morris admitted the friendly assault and testified that as he went up the man-lift, the respondent "made a little motion at me as near as I remember," but the respondent said he had no recollection of doing that; however, if it was done, it was in a spirit of good humor. When asked if he was participating in the horseplay, claimant replied, "I was trying to get loose, yes."
The respondent had worked for this employer for approximately 22 years and testified that during that time various employees would engage in horseplay or bantering, such as people on friendly terms will do; but that A.J. Morris, the general superintendent, "would stop it when he caught them at it. I have always noticed him doing *396 that." There was evidence that it was a common practice among the employees, as they went about their work, to engage in sportive acts in various ways which would bring their bodies in contact with each other and that one of the foremen "was the worst of all."
Respondent also testified that in 1925 and again in 1936, he had undergone an operation for stones in his bladder; that he had had treatments for prostatic trouble and had noticed blood in his urine probably half a dozen different times prior to this accident. Claimant does not recall violently striking the wall or pipe or any object, and there were no external evidence of bruises or injuries; but in the scuffle he was pushed against the wall and in between the pipe and the wall in a twisted position.
It is now the accepted rule in this State that the award of the Commission is regarded as a special verdict, and, if supported by substantial evidence, it must prevail, and in the absence of such supporting proof, it should be set aside. [Keithley v. Stone
Webster Engineering Co.,
It is conceded that the respondent was, and had been for many years, a regular employee of the milling company, and that immediately before Brant Morris placed his hands upon him, he was engaged in performing his duties to the employer. The question is, whether he was embraced by Brant Morris in a friendly spirit and undertook to free himself from that grip, did he step aside from his duties and voluntarily engage in horseplay to such an extent that it can be said as a matter of law that his injuries did not "arise out of and in the course of his employment?" We think not. The evidence in this case and the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom would authorize the Commission in finding that, at the time of the friendly assault, the respondent was engaged in the performance of his duties for the employer, and that when he was suddenly set upon, without any warning or provocation, he struggled to release himself with the intent of returning to the performance of his duties as an employee, because immediately upon being released he did return to his work without saying anything to Brant Morris or Morris saying anything to him. He was certainly not a voluntary participant in the "horseplay." His struggle to free himself, under the circumstances, was as involuntary as that of closing the eye to avoid dust.
The line of demarcation between sportive acts of employees done independently of and disconnected from the performance of duty and those in a manner connected with the performance of duty is *397 difficult at times to distinguish, owing to the interweaving of the facts. However, in this case the evidence is conclusive that claimant did not provoke or voluntarily engage in the scuffle. He struggled to release himself and when released he immediately returned to his work without a word being said or doing any act to continue the horseplay. Brant Morris may have stepped aside from his duties to engage in the scuffle, but certainly the claimant did not.
The St. Louis Court of Appeals, in the case of Blaine v. Huttig Sash Door Co.,
Appellants direct our attention to certain cases in this State, which we have carefully read, and conclude that when they are properly analyzed they support the conclusion we have reached. Such cases are: Hager v. Pulitzer Publishing Co., 17 S.W.2d 578; Keithly v. Stone Webster Engineering Co., supra; Gilmore v. Ring Construction Co., supra; O'Dell v. Lost Trail, Inc.,
Appellants concede that the courts uniformly hold that where an injury occurs by reason of conditions approved by the employer, such as permitting horseplay, then the employer is liable. [Conklin v. Public Service Commission,
Appellants make contention that the injuries did not arise out of the accident, because the respondent testified that he noticed a "tearing" sensation after the horseplay; but the record does not support that contention. He testified "I got in a twist between the pipes and the wall and right away I felt like atearing sensation . . ." (Italics ours.)
Appellants also contend that the rule in this State now is to the effect that the mere fact that the employee was injured is not enough to entitle him to compensation under this Act, but in addition thereto there must be proof that the injuries were received in an accidental manner, and cite State ex rel. Hussman-Ligonier Co. v. Hughes (Mo.),
Appellants also mention the fact that the respondent had had two operations prior to the date of this accident and had had blood in his urine at different times for several years prior thereto; but there was sufficient evidence in the record to support the conclusion of the Commission that his present injuries and incapacity to labor were the results of the accident and not entirely due to any prior disease or operation. *399
We conclude that there is substantial evidence to support the award of the Commission and the judgment of the circuit court affirming that award. It therefore follows that the judgment should be affirmed. It is so ordered. All concur.