61 Minn. 423 | Minn. | 1895
The question presented by this appeal is how far and as to what matters the judgment in a former action between the same parties operates as an estoppel in the present action.
The general rules on the subject are well settled, at least in this court. Where the first suit was for the same cause of action, the
In the first suit plaintiff alleged the execution by him of a lease of certain premises to one Burke, for a term commencin'g September 1,1889, and ending November 15, 1891; the assignment of the lease by Burke to the defendant, and the entry upon and occupancy of the premises by the defendant, under this assignment, for the remainder .of the term; the execution of another lease of the same premises by him to defendant for the term of one year from and after November 15,1891, containing the covenant that if the premises were not leased or sold within the year the lease should be continued for a second year on the same terms; that the defendant continued in possession of the premises until November 15,1892; that at the expiration of said first year, no part of the premises having been sold or leased, the plaintiff “renewed” the lease for the additional year, and notified the defendant of the fact, but that it refused to accept such continuance or renewal, and “notified plaintiff that it would not continue to renew the lease,” and vacated the premises November 15,1892, without his consent. Plaintiff further alleged that after the execution of this lease the defendant surreptitiously and fraudulently inserted in ’it a clause “providing on its face that the continuance or renewal in :any event should be optional with defendant.” He also alleged a default by defendant in the payment of the rent for the first three months of the second year. The relief prayed for was that he have judgment that the clause inserted in the lease by defendant is no
In the present action, the plaintiff declares on the lease from him to defendant as reformed, and asks judgment for the rent of the premises for the remaining nine months of the second year. It should be stated that the rent was the same under the-Burke lease as under the lease from plaintiff to defendant, viz. $55 per month. Upon the trial the judgment roll in the first action was admitted in evidence, under defendant’s objection and exception. The objections urged against its reception in evidence are — First, that it was not pleaded as an estoppel; second, that no judgment had ever been entered reforming the lease as ordered; and, third, that the judgment might have been either upon the ground of the existence of the lease from plaintiff to defendant, declared on, or upon the ground that, although no such lease was ever executed, the defendant had held over under the Burke lease, and thereby became liable for rent as tenant from year to year; and therefore, if the plaintiff desired to avail himself of the judgment as conclusive evidence of the existence and terms of a lease by him to defendant, it was incumbent on him to first show that the judgment went upon that fact.
In urging the first objection, counsel has failed to distinguish between estoppel by former judgment and estoppel by former verdict. A former judgment on the same cause of action, being a complete bar to a second action, must always be pleaded by way of defense. Bowe v. Minnesota Milk Co., 44 Minn. 460, 47 N. W. 151. But a former judgment is no bar to a second suit upon a different cause of action. It merely operates as conclusive evidence of the facts actually litigated in the first action, and upon the determination of which the finding or verdict therein was rendered, and need not be pleaded any more than any other evidence. In such a case it is proper for a party to plead his cause of action or defense in the ordinary form, leaving the judgment to be used in evidence to establish his general
The third objection is also untenable. The finding of the execution of a lease by plaintiff to defendant is utterly inconsistent with the theory that defendant was holding over as tenant from year to year after the expiration of the Burke lease.
But there is a reason why the judgment appealed from must be reversed. The words of demise in the lease are as follows: “To have and to hold the above rented premises to the said party of the second part, its successors and assigns, for and during the full term of one year from and after November 15, 1891. If” the leased premises [describing them] “are not sold or leased at the expiration of this lease, then said second party [the defendant] is to have this said lease renewed for a term of one year more, at its expiration, on the same terms.” As counsel for defendant has not claimed to the contrary, we have assumed that this covenant for a renewal of the lease was mutual; that is, that from the covenant of plaintiff to. renew there was implied a correlative covenant on part of the defendant to take a renewal. See Bruce v. Fulton Bank, 79 N. Y. 154.
We are clear that this was merely an agreement to renew, and not a present demise, for another year. The evident intention of the parties, as disclosed by their language, was that if the contingency named- did not occur a new lease was to be executed for a second year. In short, it was merely an executory covenant for a lease, and not an executed covenant passing a present interest. The defendant never accepted a renewal of the lease, but refused to do so, and vacated the premises at the expiration of the year. Upon this state of facts, plaintiff could not maintain an action for rent unless by virtue of the operation of the former judgment as an estoppel. His only remedy would be either an action to enforce specific performance of the covenant by compelling the defendant to accept a renewal or an action on the covenant for damages for its breach. The judg
For this reason the judgment is reversed.
Buck, J., absent, took no part.