Swain v. State

62 So. 446 | Ala. Ct. App. | 1913

THOMAS, J.

— The defendant was indicted and convicted of murder. The first error insisted upon is that the trial court erred in overruling a motion to quash the indictment and in overruling demurrers filed thereto; the grounds (16 in all) of this motion and of the demurers filed after the motion was overruled being exactly the same. We will discuss, however, only those grounds urged in brief. The first of these is that the record does not affirmatively show that the grand jurors were drawn in the presence of the officers designated by law.

The minutes of the organization of the court recite expressly, in this particular, that all the jurors “had been regularly drawn according to law”; and, if so, they were certainly drawn “in the presence of the officers designated by law.” If in fact they were not, the question would have to be raised by a plea in abatement, and could not be raised, as here attempted, either by a motion to quash or a demurrer to the indictment. —Spivcy v. State, 172 Ala. 393, 56 South. 232; Code, § 7572; Acts 1909, p. 315, § 23.

The next ground of the demurrer and motion that is insisted upon is that the indictment does not show at what term of the court it Avas found, tvhich ground is predicated upon section 7131 of the Code, providing that “an indictment must contain, in the caption or body thereof, the name of the state, county, court, and term in and at Avhich it is preferred,” etc. The caption of an indictment is not the mere marginal statement of the state, county, court, term, etc., usually found at the head of an indictment, but is that entry of record which shoAvs the organization of the court, Avhen and where held, the names of jurors, etc., and which is a part of every indictment. — 1 Mayf. Dig. p. 425; Gater v. State, 141 Ala. 10, 37 South. 692; Collins v. State, 3 Ala. App. 68, 58 South. 80; Thornton v. State, 4 Ala. App. 205, 59 South. 234. An examination of this entry, together AAdth the indictment and indorsement thereon, leaves no doubt that the contention of defendant is Avithout merit, and that the indictment Avas found at the spring term, 1912, of said court. — Authorities supra.

The next ground of the motion insisted upon is that the indictment was indorsed “a true bill” and signed “D. M. Hester, Foreman,” when the record shows that ■David Hester Avas the foreman of the grand jury. The court, after proper proof by the state that D. M. Hester and David Hester Avas one and the same person, certainly committed no error in overruling the motion.

The person alleged to have been murdered is described in the indictment, as set out in the record, as “John Elmore, alias John Elmore, alias Dutch John”; and it is objected that the indictment is therefore defective because it fails to allege that either of the names mentioned Avas the person’s true name, or that his true name was to tbe grand jury unknown. Neither of the authorities cited by appellant supports the contention made, but, on the contrary, the following amply sustain the validity of the indictment in this particular: Falkner v. State, 151 Ala. 77, 44 South. 409; Haley v. State, 63 Ala. 91; 138 Ala. 104, 35 South. 53, 100 Am. St. Rep. 22.

We likewise find no merit in any of the other gTOunds of the motion to quash the indictment or of the demurrer thereto; but, as they are not urged in brief, we deem them not of sufficient importance to require a discussion by us.

The defendant also moved, upon numerous grounds, to quash the venire served upon him; but only one of these grounds is here insisted upon, and that is that the paper served on defendant by the sheriff, purporting to be a copy of the indictment, was not a correct copy of the indictment. It is sufficient to say, in this connection, without further consideration, that the sheriff’s return found in the record here affirmatively states he served a copy of the indictment on defendant one entire day before the day set for the trial of the case. The return of the sheriff is conclusive, until impeached; and there is not a line of proof in the record anywhere from any source tending in any way to sustain the ground of the motion that the copy so served on defendant was not a correct copy of the indictment.

It is likewise insisted that a correct copy of the jury lists was not served on defendant. The sheriff’s return recites to the contrary, and we find nothing in the record to impeach it. The defendant was arraigned on April 15th, and the trial was set for April 23d, while the defendant was served with a copy of the jury lists and of the indictment on April 19th. It is here urged that this was not a service “forthwith” as required by the jury law. — Acts Sp. Sess. 1909, p. 319, § 32. It was a service four days before the trial, and fully met, we think, the spirit and purpose of the statute, in that it gave the defendant and his counsel abundant time and ample opportunity, before the trial, to fully examine the indictment and jury lists, prepare his defense, and determine on a choice of jurors. — Welch v. State, 1 Ala. App. 144, 56 South. 11; Haisten v. State, 5 Ala. App. 56, 59 South. 361.

The solicitor asked one of the state’s witnesses the following question: “If the man that was shot had his hand in his right-hand hip pocket all the time he followed defendant, could you have seen him?” Defendant objected to the question, which objection was overruled. Assuming that the court erred in this ruling, because the question called for a conclusion of the witness (Hammond v. State, 147 Ala. 89, 41 South. 761), there was certainly no injury; since the witness’ answer was not only entirely unobjectionable, but was not in any wise objected to. It stated facts and not a conclusion.

There was no error in permitting the state’s witness Enis to testify that the deceased at the time of the fatal difficulty was drunk or that “he looked like a drunk man” to the witness. Such evidence is not objectionable on the ground that it states the conclusion of the witness. — May v. State, 167 Ala. 36, 52 South. 602. It was material as a part of the res gestae, as well as for other reasons. Besides, the defendant himself, as a part of his direct examination,' testified that deceased was drinking, and hence would not be in a position to complain of the evidence, even if it were immaterial.

The court charged the jury orally, among other things, as follows, to which part of the oral charge the defendant then and there duly objected and excepted before the jury retired, to-wit: “Our law, as it is at present and has been for a number of years, allows the defendant to testify for himself; but our Supreme Court, in construing that statute, and I believe the statute itself, says that the jury must weigh the evidence of the defendant in the light of the fact that he is the defendant, and give it such weight as they see fit and think it entitled to.” It is an invasion of the province of the jury for the court to instruct them that they must weigh the testimony of the defendant in the light of the fact that he is the defendant, though it would he proper to charge them that they may do so.— Tucker v. State, 167 Ala. 1, 52 South. 464; Roberson v. State, 175 Ala. 15, 57 South. 829; McKee v. State, 82 Ala. 32, 2 South. 451; Morris v. State, 87 Ala. 85, 6 South. 371; Allen v. State, 87 Ala. 107, 6 South. 370; Lewis v. State, 88 Ala. 11, 6 South. 755.

If exception had [teen taken, therefore, to only this part of the charge, it would have been well taken and necessitated a reversal of the judgment of the court below under the authorities cited. However, it will be observed that the exception is not limited to this part, but embraces other parts of the charge, which are correct statements. The rule is that where an objection and exception are taken to a portion of a charge as a whole, if any part of that excepted to be good, the exception fails or is unfailing. The rule serves a wholesome purpose, in that it forces the party excepting to so single out by his objection the erroneous part of the charge as to definitely call the attention of the mind of the trial court to it specifically, to the end that, if he unintentionally fell into an error with respect to it, he may see it and correct it before the jury retires, or, if the statement was intentional, that he may have an opportunity, before it is too late, to reflect upon whether he had erred or not in making it and to act then accordingly — changing the charge or not, as his then matured judgment may dictate. The portion of the charge here excepted to as a whole involves three statements, to-wit: (1) That the defendant has a right to testify in his own behalf; (2) that the jury must weigh his testimony in the light of the fact that he is the defendant; (3) that they must give it such weight as they see fit and think it entitled to. The first and third propositions are correct. The second only is erroneous, and the word “must” therein found changed to “may” would obviate every defect in it. This single defect Avas not sufficiently pointed out by a SAAreeping objection and exception to the AA'hole, a part of which was good, to fairly call the mind of the trial court to that Avkich Avas bad. For the exception to be availing here, the defendant should have excepted only to that portion Avhick charged that the “jury must weight the testimony of the defendant in the light of the fact that he is the defendant.” — Pugh v. State, 4 Ala. App. 148, 58 South. 936.

We find no error in the record, and the judgment of conviction is affirmed.

Affirmed.