222 N.W. 275 | Minn. | 1928
The injured person was a minor, Edna Supornick, and the action is on her behalf by her father. For convenience we shall refer to the minor herself as the plaintiff. Her father, William Supornick, and defendant, Joseph Supornick, are brothers. The injury occurred Sunday, March 20, 1927, in a store building in St. Paul which was being used at the time by defendant for the purpose of storing and arranging for sale a stock of fire and smoke-damaged merchandise. William Supornick was in the employ of his brother, the defendant — as the testimony puts it, "in charge" of the merchandise and the matter of getting it ready for sale. The evidence warrants the conclusion that he was the general agent of defendant for that purpose and as such in immediate control of the premises at the time being. Plaintiff was not employed in the store or otherwise by defendant himself. On the morning of the Sunday in question she asked her father for permission to go to the store with him for the purpose of meeting a cousin of about her own age. The permission was granted, and she accompanied her father to the store, arriving there about eight o'clock a. m. She remained there until between 12 and one o'clock, when she fell into an elevator shaft under such circumstances as to make the issue of negligence one for the jury.
The theory of plaintiff's case is that she was an invitee rather than a licensee. That issue was submitted to the jury, and an *581 affirmative answer is implicit in the verdict. The only question for us is whether the evidence supports that conclusion.
There is evidence that plaintiff went to the store as early as eight o'clock with her father; that she remained there continuously until she was injured, "helping * * * with the goods," assorting and "making pairs" of gloves, of which there was a "big bunch * * * all mixed up;" that she and her cousin had been checking bills; that she had done some "calling up people they wanted me to call." In short, there is testimony that from her arrival in the store to the time of her injury she had been continuously occupied assisting in the work of putting the merchandise in shape for the approaching sale. She was injured while showing some prospective customers how to get upstairs. "Somebody asked me to do it," she testified. All of plaintiff's services inured to the benefit of defendant, and even though plaintiff be considered a volunteer to start with, the work was done for defendant with the consent of her father, who was the agent "in charge" for him of the work in hand. So, notwithstanding the relationship between father and daughter, the conclusion is tenable that the services were accepted by defendant through his agent, the father.
1. Plainly one may go upon the premises of another as a mere licensee and by remaining there with the consent of the owner and for his benefit change his position and rights to those of an invitee. In order to entitle one to the status of a person who has entered premises or remains thereon by invitation, "it must appear, it seems, that his purpose was one of interest or advantage to the owner or occupant." 20 R.C.L. 69, citing Benson v. Baltimore Tr. Co.
"Where it is evident that the use of the license is intended not only for the benefit of the licensee but of the licensor as well, there *582 arises some duty of care upon the part of the latter towards the former other than the one owing to a mere licensee."
Yet the element of benefit to the owner of the premises is not enough, for a mere volunteer who renders services without the invitation or consent of the owner remains a mere licensee. Church v. C. M. St. P. Ry. Co.
2. It does not follow from the foregoing that plaintiff became the employe of defendant and subject to the workmen's compensation law. Under that statute, only those are employes who "perform a service for hire" and to whom some "employer directly pays wages." G. S. 1923, § 4326(d).
Judgment affirmed. *583
