102 S.E. 784 | S.C. | 1920
April 12, 1920. The opinion of the Court was delivered by The plaintiffs, Sunshine Co., merchants at New York, sued the defendant, Furtick, merchant at Columbia, to recover $195.25, the purchase price of 35 1/2 dozen shirts sold by the plaintiff to the defendant. The defendant admitted his liability to pay $107.75 of the amount claimed, and that has now been paid and is out of view. The defendant denied liability for the balance of $87.50 of the account, and that is the matter at issue.
The defendant does not deny that the price of the shirts is correctly laid at $195.25; but his contention is that the plaintiff contracted to sell him also 25 dozen other shirts which they wrongfully declined to perform, to his damage in a sum equal to the balance of $87.50, and he set so much up by counterclaim.
The jury found for the defendant, and the plaintiffs have appealed.
The defendant visited the plaintiffs' stores in New York, saw the shirts, and there was then talk of a purchase and sale betwixt them of two lots of shirts, one of 35 dozen at $5.50 per dozen, those that were thereafter delivered, and another lot of 25 dozen at a higher price. But all that which was said at that interview is not out of view; for shortly subsequent thereto the whole transaction was concluded by four letters which speak for themselves. The Court so properly ruled. *35
The rights of the parties must be governed by the letters and the Court was bound to construe the letters. The Court ruled that it was generally the duty of a Court to construe a written contract; but in the present instance the Court left it to the jury to find what the parties meant by the letters because they were ambiguous. That was error, for the letters are free from ambiguity. The Court ought to have construed them.
The letters are dated March 30th, March 31st, April 3d, and April 5th; and the last three are expressly in answer to that which went before it.
By the first letter Furtick offered to buy both lots of shirts, "3% off, 10 d/s," check on receipt of goods.
By the second letter Sunshine Co. declined to sell on credit, because they were not satisfied with Furtick's commercial rating; but they expressed a willingness to sell for cash 5 per cent. off.
By the third letter Furtick offered to buy both lots of shirts, 7 per cent. off, with sight draft and bill of lading attached. He added that "as a guaranty of his good faith" he inclosed a check for $25, and he directed thus about the check. If his offer should be accepted credit the $25 check on invoice price; it his offer should not be accepted, return the check. Up to this point there was no contract, but only proposals.
But the fourth letter Sunshine Co. returned the check, and they declined to allow 7 per cent. off. But, moved by the good faith of Furtick in sending the check, Sunshine Co. consented to open an account with Furtick — that is, to credit him — and on that day Sunshine Co. shipped to Furtick 35 dozen shirts as $5.50, "and you can remit us for this lot 3 per cent. 10 days, as per your letter of 30th March ultimo, which we trust is satisfactory." The italics are supplied. The writer further said: "With reference to the lot of 25 dozen C.M. at $7.00, what we had on the floor has already been disposed of, and we are waiting another lot *36 from the factory, and as soon as it comes, which will be in the course of the next two weeks, we shall be pleased to ship your order."
This was an acceptance by Sunshine Co. of the terms proposed by Furtick in the first letter, and that was to sell him on open account two lots of shirts, one lot sent presently and another lot to be sent in about two weeks if the same could be got from the factory within that time.
Sunshine Co. testified that this "proposition" made by them in the fourth letter was never accepted by Furtick; but so much is not correct. Furtick had ordered the same goods at the same price by the first letter, and Sunshine Co. had declined to fill the order only because Furtick's credit was not good. Sunshine Co. relented in the fourth letter, and in that letter expressly referred to the first letter, and by necessary implication it was an acceptance of the first letter; the minds of the contractors met then on terms of payment, the only circumstance that had divided them.
The terms of payment were "3% 10 d/s." Sunshine wrote Furtick on April 21st that Furtick's contract was to "remit to us 10 days after they (the goods) were received." So much is an explanation of "10 d/s." The other symbol, "3%" means that, if so paid in "10 d/s," 3 per cent. should be deducted from the price.
It does not appear when the first lot was received by Furtick; but it does appear that payment therefor was not made until after this action was commenced in October, 1917.
The transaction thus established is a single contract by Sunshine Co. to sell to Furtick two lots of shirts; it is not two contracts to sell two lots of shirts. Norrington v.Wright,
There is no denial but that Furtick is due to pay for the *37 first lot of shirts. The issue arises on his demand for damages for the failure of Sunshine Co. to deliver the second lot of shirts. For that alleged wrong Furtick is the acting plaintiff. He sues (by counterclaim), and he must prove his case.
The answer which sets up the counterclaim alleges that Sunshine Co. have refused to carry out the contract. So much for the fact of rescission.
The case thus falls squarely under Norrington v. Wright,supra, and the second issue, that of law, is settled by this quotation from that case: "The plaintiff (Furtick), denying the defendants' (Sunshine Co.) right to rescind, and asserting that the contract was still in force, was bound to show such performance on his part as entitled him to demand performance on their part, and, having failed to do so, cannot maintain this action."
The instant case is differentiated from Collins v. Hewlett,
There was no issue for the jury, and the Court ought to have directed a verdict for the plaintiff, and must yet do so.
The judgment is reversed.