267 N.W. 769 | Mich. | 1936
The city of Detroit changed the name of Lakewood boulevard to Lakewood avenue, paved it and spread assessments against abutting property. The assessments were void. Miller v. City ofDetroit,
March 6, 1923, plaintiffs, owners of property so assessed, filed the bill herein to void the tax and enjoin enforcement of the assessments. February 20, 1924, the plaintiffs Sumner paid the four parts of the assessment on their lot, under protest, thinking that otherwise the property would be subject to sale for the tax, as one assessment part was overdue. This was done without the knowledge of their attorney. March 6, 1924, plaintiff Shafer paid two parts of the assessment on her property and, August 8, 1924, paid the other two parts, also under protest. Two days before the last mentioned payment was made she had conveyed away the property by warranty deed.
The case was heard in part in April, 1925, and heard in full in January, 1931, with decision in May, 1935, and decree in July, 1935, adjudging the fact of a boulevard, with no right to assess plaintiffs' property for the costs of the paving, and awarded plaintiffs the sums paid on the assessments after the bill was filed.
The city appeals, not from the decree voiding the assessments, but from the recovery of assessments, *692 contending that the payments of assessments, made during pendency of the suit, cannot be recovered; that the bill asked for no such relief, and could not do so because no payments had been made at the time the bill was filed, and that the claim, if any, had to be presented to the council under charter provisions.
Plaintiffs claim that the prayer for further and other relief justified the award against the city but, if it cannot be so held, then, under the statute and rule allowing amendments, the bill be amended to accord with the proofs.
In answer to this defendants claim that such an amendment would relate to a claim outlawed by the statute of limitations (3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 13976), as the payments were made over 10 years before decree.
The question is: If assessments for paving a boulevard are void under repeated decisions of this court and a bill is filed to vacate the assessments and enjoin enforcement thereof and thereafter the plaintiffs pay the assessments under protest and later a decree voids the assessments, may the decree award plaintiffs the moneys so paid?
The general prayer in the bill, filed in March, 1923, cannot be held to cover the question of payments of assessments made thereafter. Upon payment of the assessments, under protest, plaintiffs remitted themselves to remedy, if any, at law to have recovery and the general statute of limitations, to say the least, now bars any such judgment. 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 13976.
In point of law were the payments voluntary?
We recently held that:
"A voluntary payment of tax, even though it be void, is a bar to a subsequent recovery." National Bank of Detroit v. City ofDetroit,
Plaintiffs, having invoked court restraint of the collection, could not thereafter assert payment of the assessments under compulsion. At the very time plaintiffs Sumner paid the assessment parts and plaintiff Shafer paid two parts thereof they had pending in court their bill, with prayer for restraint of the city; the court had an order outstanding requiring defendants to show cause why such restraint should not be granted, and later enjoined enforcement of the assessmentspendente lite; and an injunction had been issued and served at the time plaintiff Shafer paid the third and fourth parts of the assessment.
Under the bill and issues framed plaintiffs could have no recovery for the assessments so paid pendente lite, nor may the bill be amended to sanction such recovery.
Plaintiffs' bill in equity did not estop them from paying the assessments nor the city from receiving the same if tendered. Upon payment of the assessments plaintiffs' remedy, if any, to have refund, in case of illegality, immediately accrued and pendency of the suit in equity did not toll the time within which refund should have been sought, if recoverable at all. When plaintiffs departed from their suit in equity to restrain collection of the assessments on the ground of illegality and made payments of assessment parts, due and to become due, they adopted remedy, if any, at law, which required action to be brought within the period fixed by the statute of limitations, and such action was barred at the time of entry of decree herein.
Did plaintiffs even have remedy at law? The payments were made with full knowledge of the illegality, with restraint asked for and in process of determination *694 against enforcement by the city and, therefore, were voluntary.
In Trustees v. Thoman,
"It appears from the record that at the commencement of the suit a temporary order was made restraining the collection of the tax until the further order of the court; and that it was during the pendency of this order that the payments were made. The averment of the supplemental pleading is: 'That since the commencement of this action, and since the allowance and service of the injunction heretofore granted herein, which injunction has not been modified, and is still in full force and effect in law, the defendant Christian Schonert, as treasurer of said county, unlawfully, in violation of said injunction, and in contempt of this court, did collect and receive the whole of said "special tax," and now has the same in the county treasury.' In this state of the case it is not possible to perceive how the parties, or any of them, can be said to have involuntarily paid any part of the tax for which a recovery is now sought. They were under no legal compulsion to do so. If they paid because of the threat of the treasurer to return their lands as delinquent and cause them to be sold, or to take any other coercive step, it was their own folly, during the pendency of the injunction, to have listened to or been influenced by such threat. With the injunction in force the treasurer was powerless to adopt any compulsory steps whatever. If he had attempted to do so, he could at once have been attached and punished by the court for disobeying its order. So that each must have paid with entire freedom from anything like duress in law. It may not have been done with alacrity, but it was none the less a voluntary act. Ample protection is afforded by law to the taxpayer against illegal levies. He may in the first instance enjoin the collection; or, having been compelled to pay under *695 circumstances, deemed duress in law, and against his protest, he may recover back the amount paid; but it is unnecessary and contrary to its policy to permit both remedies to be adopted and pursued at the same time. Where the remedy by injunction is resorted to and a temporary restraining order obtained, he cannot be coerced into payment during its pendency, and payment under such circumstances must be deemed a voluntary act, or as a waiver of any objection to the validity of the tax."
In Hoke v. City of Atlanta,
In that case the plaintiffs could have intervened in a pending suit to restrain collection. In the case at bar the plaintiffs filed the bill to restrain enforcement and then paid the assessments. Under such circumstances the payments were voluntary and cannot be recovered.
The decree is modified to accord with this opinion. Defendants will recover costs.
NORTH, C.J., and FEAD, BUTZEL, BUSHNELL, EDWARD M. SHARPE, and TOY, JJ., concurred. POTTER, J. took no part in this decision. *698