136 N.W. 938 | N.D. | 1912
Lead Opinion
The Kenmare National Bank was the holder of a sheriff’s certificate issued to it upon a tract of land sold under mortgage foreclosure by advertisement. Upon the last day hut one of the period of redemption, plaintiffs attempted to redeem from said certificate in accordance with § 7146, Revised Codes of 1905, claiming that they were junior mortgagees.' They served upon the sheriff, at different times during said day, the following papers: First, a notice of redemption, stating that they desired to redeem “by virtue of a junior mortgage upon said premises dated July 25, 1906, and recorded September 1, 1906, at 8:30 a. m., in book 65 of mortgages, page 42, said mortgage being made to the Minneapolis Thresher Company and by them assigned to the undersigned by an instrument in writing dated May 11, 1909, and filed for record in the office of the register of deeds, Ward county, North Dakota, on the 17th day of July, 1909, and recorded in hook 113 of mortgages, page - — , and we the undersigned tender herewith the sum of $1,517.85,” etc.; second, a certified copy of the assignment of the mortgage; third, an affidavit of the plaintiffs to the effect that they were legally entitled to redeem from the sheriff’s certificate by virtue of the mortgage held by them, and that there was due upon said mortgage the sum of $2,500; fourth, a purported note by the deputy register of deeds of Ward county, in words as follows:
I, S. S. Reishus, deputy register of deeds in and for Ward county, North Dakota, do hereby certify that I have examined the records in regard to the S. i N. W. and lots 3 and 4 see. 5, twp. 163, rge. 88, and find that the statements regarding the mortgage recorded in book 65 of mortgages, page 42, as above set forth, are correct and true.
(Signed) S. S. Reishus,
Deputy Register of Deeds.
At the same time they paid to the sheriff the money above mentioned.
Respondents contend that the proceedings taken by the plaintiff do not amount to a legal redemption, for the following reasons: First, that the relators did not serve with their notice of redemption a note of the record of the mortgage under which they claim to redeem, certified by the register of deeds; second, that the copy of the assignment of the mortgage served upon the sheriff was not verified by the relators- or the subscribing witnesses as required by law. Under the first head they point out that the certificate served upon the sheriff was signed by the deputy register of deeds in his own name and right, without signing the name of his principal. In the case of Wilson v. Russell, 4 Dak. 376, 31 N. W. 649, this court, speaking of a deputy sheriff, says: “A deputy sheriff has no power nor authority other than that which pertains to him and which he exercises as acting for the sheriff by whom he is appointed, to whom he gives bond, and to whom also he is responsible for his acts as such deputy; the sheriff himself, in turn, being responsible for the acts of his deputy as such.” As the statute authorizing the appointment of a deputy register of deeds and a deputy sheriff are the same, we think the above entitled case is in point. This-is also the holding of Ditch v. Edwards, 2 Ill. 127, 26 Am. Dec. 414,
Upon the authority of the above cases we are inclined to the holding that the omission of the note by the register of deeds required by § 7146 is fatal to the redemption, and that the purported certificate by the deputy does not supply the omission.
This conclusion renders it unnecessary to pass upon the other objections raised by the respondents, — that the copy of the assignment of the mortgage was not properly verified, and that the appellants are not,
Rehearing
On Rehearing.
Upon rehearing, plaintiffs complain of that part of the decision wherein we held that a certificate made by the deputy register of deeds in his own name was not sufficient to meet the requirements of § 7146, Revised Codes of 1905, which calls for a certificate by the register of deeds. They insist that a certificate made by the deputy is just as good as one made by the deputy in the name of his principal, and point out defects in the law whereby they claim that, if the register should die upon the last day of redemption, they would have been without power to obtain this certificate.
We cannot agree with their view. The deputy is responsible upon his bonds only for his official acts. Eor his private acts he is responsible to no one. When he signs the name of his principal to a certificate, it is an official act. When he signs his personal name to a certificate it is his private business. So far as we know, there is no law against any citizens examining the records and making certificates as to their contents. The deputy might claim that he was running a personal information bureau. Supposing the certificate issued in this case was false and the register of deeds was called upon in a suit to stand the damages, he would reply that the act of the deputy was not an official act, and no liability rested upon the register therefor. The deputy gives no bond to the state or county. His bond runs to the register only, and is for his official acts only. The laws are passed with due consideration for the rights of all of the people, and not for the benefit only of redemptioners.
And again, admit for the sake of argument that the law is not a good one, and does not meet every contingency. Is that any reason why this court should amend it ? It would not be the first time that a court has found an imperfect law that could have been immensely improved by
We hold to our former decision that the certificate of the private citizen, though self-described as a deputy register of deeds, was a nullity, and the redemption attempted void, even though it should be further conceded that plaintiffs were in fact redemptioners.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). After reargument, and on more mature deliberation, I am obliged to dissent in this case. The majority opinion announces a rule which,- in my judgment, is technical in the extreme. It gives effect to the mere letter of the statute, and ignores its true meaning and intent. I believe in a case like this, involving, as it does, the right of redemption, the court should give the statute a liberal construction in favor of the redemptioner. Such is the rule as I understand it; and the rule is a wise and salutary one, as it works no injustice to the certificate holder who gets his money with interest, while the property is made to satisfy as much of the debtor’s liabilities as possible. It is held by the majority of my associates that, because the certificate or note of the record as to the mortgage under which a redemption is
I deem the majority opinion erroneous and the precedent thereby established most dangerous, and will, without elaboration, state my reasons.
1st. I believe that the statutory requirement as to proof of the mortgage was sufficiently complied with. In other words, the language of the Code (§ 7146), “or, if he redeems upon a mortgage or other lien, a note of the record thereof certified by the register of deeds” should not be construed literally, but that all that is and was intended to be required was a note of such record signed by the officer in charge of the office, having authority to represent and act for the register. In any event where such deputy affixed the official seal of the office to such document, together with his own signature, it is, I believe, a substantial compliance with the statute, and cannot be treated as a nullity. At most it is a mere irregularity. I think the affixing of the seal of the office when the certificate is signed by the deputy should be treated in a case like this as the equivalent of subscribing the officer’s name by such deputy. There can be no doubt that, in making the certificate or note of the record in question, the deputy acted in the line of his official duties, and is responsible on his bond to the register of deeds for a failure to perform such duties according to law. The case of Wilson v. Russell, 4 Dak. 376, 31 N. W. 645, is chiefly relied on by my associates as sustaining their conclusion. As I read the opinion it is far from being in point in the case at bar. There, a deputy sheriff, in conducting foreclosure proceedings by advertisement, did so in the name of his principal, the sheriff. He made the certificate of sale, and acknowledged the same in the name of his principal by himself as deputy, and the sheriff’s deed was signed and acknowledged by the sheriff in person. The foreclosure was sought to be set aside.upon the alleged grounds that the deputy was an independent officer, and should have acted in his name as deputy merely, and that the acknowledgments of the certificate of sale and deed were insufficient. The court very
2d. I do not think the statutory provisions (§ 7146, Revised Codes), requiring certain proof to be made to the officer, were intended for the benefit of the certificate holder. Such proof is made ex parte to such officer, and is in no way binding on the holder of the certificate. He may always question the fact of the alleged redemptioner’s right to redeem, even though such proof is strictly in conformity with the statute. He ought not to be permitted to use technicalities as to such proof. If the same, although not technically as required by statute, is satisfactory to the officer to whom such proof is made, and he accepts the redemption money, the certificate holder ought not to be permitted to complain, for he is not injured. He, of course, may always question the alleged redemptioner’s right to redeem, but if he is in fact a redemptioner, the holder of the certificate is in no way injured. Suppose a person who is unquestionably a legal redemptioner applies for a certified note of the record of the mortgage under which he claims the •right to redeem preparatory to effecting a redemption, and the deputy in charge of the office of the register of deeds prepares and delivers to him a certificate identically like the one in this case. He presents it to the sheriff with his other proof, without examining the same, relying on the presumption that it is properly executed. Such proof is satisfactory to the sheriff, and he accepts the redemption money one week before the expiration of the year of redemption. The day following the expiration of the redemption period the certificate holder, while conceding that the alleged redemptioner was a lawful redemptioner under the statute, repudiates such redemption solely on account of the irregularity of the certificate aforesaid. Is it possible that any court would uphold such a contention? I think not. Whether the attempted redemption was made a week before the expiration of the redemption
Nor tbe above briefly stated reasons, I find myself unable to concur in tbe majority opinion.