170 P. 112 | Idaho | 1918
Respondent, a citizen and resident of Idaho, instituted this action against appellant, a foreign corporation, to recover $2,995 damages for personal injuries received while working with a jammer, or derrick, used in hoisting logs. The action was brought under the provisions of the Employers’ Liability Law, Sess. Laws, 1909, p. 34, and the trial resulted in a judgment for respondent, for the amount claimed, which was reversed because the facts established did not bring the case within the scope of that act of the legislature. (Sumey v. Craig Mountain L. Co., 27 Ida. 721, 152 Pac. 181.) Thereafter the complaint was amended; J. J. Bair, a citizen and resident of Idaho, was joined with appellant, as a party defendant, and judgment in the sum of $25,000 was demanded. The second trial resulted in a nonsuit in favor of Bair, and in a judgment for $7,500 for respondent against appellant, from which, and from an order denying a motion for a new trial, this appeal has been taken.
Prior to filing its answer appellant petitioned for removal of the cause to the federal court, alleging that Bair had been made a party, fraudulently, for the purpose of retaining jurisdiction in the state court. Upon consideration of the record, composed of the complaint and petition, the trial court denied the removal and retained jurisdiction. When the motion for nonsuit was granted in favor of Bair the petition for removal was renewed by appellant and was again denied. This action of the court is assigned as error.
It is alleged, among other things, in the petition for removal, that the action had originally been commenced by respondent against appellant, alone, and in his complaint he had alleged he was injured while working in the employ of appellant and no suggestion or claim was made that Bair was a joint employer; that on the former trial of the case respondent testified he was in the employ and worked under the direction of appellant; that Bair was a foreman, or superintendent, who had charge of the work on appellant’s behalf and it had never been claimed by respondent in his complaint, nor in his evidence previously given, that Bair was one of his employers.
•It is difficult to determine from the complaint, standing alone, whether it was respondent’s theory that Bair was jointly liable with appellant as an employer, or because of neglect and improper discharge of his duties, as appellant’s foreman, whereby respondent was injured. The allegation quoted from the petition rather strengthens than weakens
It does not appear that the nonsuit was granted in favor of Bair with respondent’s consent, and there was no error in the action of the trial court in again denying the petition for removal at that point in the proceedings. “Where the plaintiff, in good faith, insists on the joint liability of all the defendants throughout the trial, and the complaint is dismissed upon the merits as to such as are citizens of his state, the remaining defendants cannot then remove tho case.” (2 Foster’s Federal Practice, 5th ed., 1821; Moeller v. Southern Pacific Co., 211 Fed. 239; Whitcomb v. Smithson, 175 U. S. 635, 20 Sup. Ct. 248, 44 L. ed. 303.) As was said by the court in the case last above cited: “The right to remove was not contingent on the aspect the case may have assumed on the facts developed on the merits of the issue tried.”
Appellant further insists the case should have been removed because it appeared Bair was f oreman upon the work and that his neglect to warn respondent of the danger, inhe
The evidence disclosed that respondent was employed by appellant, in the first instance, as a cant-hook man; that his duty was to work upon the ground and roll logs within reach of the jammer; that he was afterward directed to work on top of a pile of logs whereon other logs were being placed by means of the jammer, which was equipped with a main cable from which two other cables branched forming what is called a ‘ ‘ crotch, ’ ’ to the ends of which hooks were affixed. Two men, called “hookers,” were at the base of the skidway leading up to the side of the pile of logs, one on each side of it. Their duty was to fasten the hooks into the logs, one in each end. A team was hitched to the main cable and drew the logs up the skidway to the desired position at the top of the pile. It was the duty of respondent, and another man employed to work with him on top of the pile, to place the logs and release the hooks.
It appears that while performing his duties, and while a log was being raised, one of the hooks came out and the cable forming one side of the crotch swung around and hit respondent, knocked him off the pile of logs and injured him.
Appellant contends that it appears from the evidence there were five probable causes of the accident, only two of which are attributable to it, and, therefore, as the injury may have been the result of any of these, it was mere conjecture on the part of the jury to say that appellant was responsible. Antler v. Cox, 27 Ida. 517, 149 Pac. 731, is cited, among other cases, in support of this contention. That case is not in point, for therein it was decided the allegations of the complaint, as to the proximate cause of the injury, were not sustained by the evidence. There is no dispute here that the loosening of the hooks was the proximate cause of respondent’s injury. The question is: What caused them to loosen?
The five probable causes insisted upon by appellant are: 1. Carelessness of those who fastened the hooks into the log; 2. Unsound condition of the log; 3. That the log rolled into a depression between two other logs; 4. The hooks were not properly made; 5. The crotch was too large.
There was no evidence tending to show that the hookers were negligent, or that the log was unsound, unless that might be inferred from certain testimony that a piece was torn from it. There was some evidence to the effect that the hook came out when the log rolled into a depression, but there was also evidence that it released the log as it was being hoisted out of the depression, and that this would likely not have happened had the hooks been properly made and the crotch of proper size to pull them straight into the log.
There was testimony introduced by respondent tending to prove that the crotch and hooks were not of proper con
This court said in Adams v. Bunker Hill etc. Mining Co. (on rehearing), 12 Ida. 643, 89 Pac. 624, 11 L. R. A., N. S., 844: “There are a very few things in human affairs, and especially in litigation involving damages, that can be established to such an absolute certainty as to exclude the possibility, or even some probability, that another cause or reason may have been the true cause or reason for the damage rather than the one alleged by the plaintiff. But such possibility, or even probability, is not to be allowed to defeat the right of recovery where the plaintiff has presented to the jury sufficient facts and circumstances surrounding the occurrence as to justify a reasonable juror in. concluding that the thing charged was the prime and moving cause.” (See, also, Newman v. Great Shoshone etc. Pw. Co., 28 Ida. 764, 156 Pac. 111, and authorities therein cited.)
The record in this case is sufficient to warrant the jury in concluding that the preponderance of the evidence justified a finding that the injury resulted from the causes relied upon by respondent.
Appellant contends that the injury resulted from a risk assumed by respondent within the rule that an employee assumes the hazards arising from the employer’s negligence, where they are known by him, or are obvious.
The rule adopted by this court is stated, in effect, in Knauf v. Dover L. Co., 20 Ida. 773, 120 Pac. 157, to be that an employee, in accepting employment, assumes the ordinary risks incident thereto, but not such as arise out of the negligence of the employer, unless they are known to him, or are of such nature that by the exercise of ordinary care he would have known of them.
Whether the hooks and crotch were so obviously imperfect, and the dangers from their use so manifest that, in working with them, respondent assumed the risk of injury resulting from their defects, was a question for the jury. It appears he had been working on the log pile but a short time prior
It is true respondent remarked to the foreman, according to his own testimony, that he thought the crotch was too long, but he further testified he did so because he had an idea that to shorten it would prevent the hooks pulling out so often and save time. This shows he had some knowledge of one of the defects, namely, the length of the crotch, but it does not show he appreciated the danger resulting from that condition. There is a distinction between knowledge of defects and knowledge of risks resulting from such defects. An employee cannot be held to have assumed a risk due to defective appliance, although he knew the defects existed, if he did not know of the existence of danger therefrom. (26 Cye. 1240; 18 R. C. L. 649, par. 141.)
The evidence is sufficient to sustain the finding by the jury that respondent did not appreciate the danger; that he was not warned of it, and that, due to his inexperience, it was not so obvious as to charge him with notice.
The judgment and order appealed from are affirmed. Costs are awarded to respondent.