Succession of Robertson

28 La. Ann. 832 | La. | 1876

Howell, J.

The question presented in this proceeding is, when the widow is left in necessitous circumstances, but dies without claiming the homestead privilege from the succession of her husband, who died without descendants, can her heirs by a previous marriage claim said privilege in preference to the heirs or creditors of the said husband? We think not. The law is:

• “The widow, or the legal representative of the children, shall be'enii-fled to demand and receive from the succession of the deceased husband or father a sum, which added to the amount of property owned by them, or either of them, in their own right, will make up the sum of one thousand dollars.” * * * R. C. C. 3252; R. S. 2369.

Under this law it has been held that a widow, to succeed, must be in necessitous circumstances at the time of the death of the husband and at the time of making the claim for the homestead. 26 An. 686.

■ If this be correct, and we think there can be no doubt that it is, the legal inference is that the right is a personal one, and depends on the condition of the person in whose favor it is granted, and not that it is a right that rests irrevocably in full property in such person and forms a part of her succession which descends to her heirs. It is a right which must be asserted and reduced to possession; be “ demanded and received,” before it can be vested in the party. The law, in its spirit and object, simply provides a support for the widow or children of the deceased, which, in some cases, has been designated a charity and in others a bounty, and does not regulate the rights of property or descent. It says they shall be entitled to a sum of money, which shall not, of itself or with any property owned by them, or either of them, exceed one thousand dollars. As said in the case quoted: “It would hardly be contended that if a widow was left in destitute circumstances at the death of her husband, and while his succession was under administration she inherited a fortune, she would nevertheless be entitled to receive from his estate one thousand dollars.” And yet she certainly would be, if the homestead vested in her in full property at the death of her husband. Counsel for the minor children of the deceased wife in this case meet this point squarely. They'say: “ The only question there can be in this case is, ‘Had the right to the one thousand dollars vested in Mrs. Bobertson prior to her death ? ’ If it had vested, there is no process of reasoning or operation of law by which it left her heirs and lapsed back to G. W. Robertson’s heirs.” With the same reason could it be said, if it had vested in the widow, it would have remained vested in her, although she may have inherited a fortune before she demanded and received the one thousand dollars. It is the necessitous circumstances of the widow or minor children that are to be relieved. If they are relieved by inheritance, death, or otherwise, there is no right to demand the bounty. There is significance in the phraseology of the law, “ shall be entitled to demand and receive.” It is not said they shall receive.

Upon the theory of the counsel for the minors, if the widow should die in one hour after the death of her husband (dying without descendants, but having one thousand dollars in money and ascendants■ in ivant), the widow’s heirs, upon proving that she had nothing in her own right, would recover the one thousand dollars, although she may not have been married more than one day. It was certainly not the intention of the legislator to work such consequences and make such changes in the rights of property and inheritance. “ The language of the statute does not require such a construction, and unless the obvious meaning of this language imperatively demands it, we should not presume that our lawgivers intended to subvert at once the rules of logic and justice.” 11 An. 676.

It is therefore ordered that the judgment appealed from, so far as it decrees that the sum of one thousand dollars vested in full property in the widow, Mrs. F. L. Robertson, and ordered that James Constantine, tutor of the minor children of John C. Jackson, deceased, and said Mrs. E. L. Robertson, deceased, recover and receive from the succession of G. W= Robertson, deceased, said sum, or so much thereof as may be left after paying the law and funeral charges, be reversed; and it is now ordered that said sum or balance be paid to the heirs of said G. W. Robertson, deceased, recognized herein, and as thus amended said judgment be affirmed; costs of lower court to be paid by the succession and those on appeal by appellee.