88 Pa. Super. 10 | Pa. Super. Ct. | 1925
Argued October 19, 1925. The validity of the two checks described in the plaintiff's statement of claim, and the fact that they were paid by the drawee bank are admitted. We held in an action brought by the plaintiff to recover on one of the same instruments from the drawee bank (82 Pa. Supr. Ct. 211; and 84 Pa. Supr. Ct. 133) that they were regularly indorsed by the treasurer of the plaintiff company, and that payment thereof by the latter bank discharged it from further liability. The plaintiff now admitting the authority of its treasurer to indorse, asserts that the defendant had no right to pay to its treasurer the money called for by the checks. It undertakes to establish this contention by one of its bylaws and an oral notice said to have been given to the defendant a short time before the treasurer obtained the money. The bylaw referred to is in the following terms:
"The duties of the Treasurer shall be to receive and take charge of all moneys paid into the Association, to deposit the same in a bank to be *12 designated by the Board of Directors, to pay all orders drawn on him by order of the Board of Directors, if signed by the president and attested by the secretary; he shall receive and hold in trust for the Association all Mortgages, Bonds, Policies of Insurance, Securities, etc., upon all properties upon which money has been loaned by the Association; he shall give a corporate bond in a sum to be fixed by the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of his duties before entering thereon, and shall renew the same whenever required to do so by the Board of Directors, and at the expiration of his term of office he shall deliver to his successor in office, all moneys, books, and papers in his possession belonging to the Association."
The oral notice is set forth in the 6th paragraph of the statement of claim in the following form:
"On or about May 12, 1922, plaintiff gave to defendant oral notice that all checks drawn upon the funds of plaintiff must bear the signatures of the three officers of plaintiff, to-wit, those of the president, secretary, and treasurer." * * *
The defendant had been for two months or more the depository of funds of the plaintiff, and the oral notice as alleged, was given to it because of that relation. Gesing, the plaintiff's treasurer, having indorsed the checks, obtained the money thereon, and, as claimed by the plaintiff, appropriated the same to his own use, and never paid any part thereof to the plaintiff. It may be assumed that the treasurer was the general financial officer of the plaintiff as it was not shown that any other official was empowered to exercise any of the functions usually committed to a treasurer. He had therefore, authority to receive *13
and take into his custody funds payable to the association, and this he could do by endorsement of the checks, as well as by acceptance of cash from a debtor. (Strong v. Building Loan Assn.
It is further to be said that if the authority of the treasurer was less than that which his title implies, there is no evidence of notice to the defendant to that effect. The most that is claimed on that subject is that the bank had notice that all checks drawn on funds standing to the credit of the plaintiff "must bear the signatures of the three officers of plaintiff, to-wit, those of the president, secretary and treasurer." But that contains no information to the defendant as to the control which the treasurer may exercise over funds not deposited. It is clear that the proceeds of the two checks came into the possession of the treasurer of the plaintiff and therefore were subject to the control of the plaintiff's officer. Nothing exhibited in the case permits us to hold that the defendant is in any way legally responsible for the failure of that officer to fully perform his duty. When the fact is judicially established that the indorsement and transfer of the checks was regular, the exemption of the defendant from liability is established in the absence of evidence that it violated a duty. Clearly it was not bound to assume that the treasurer would become a defaulter; nor having received checks at the counter for exchange into money, was it under obligation to hold them when they were not offered for deposit and credit. *15
The decisions cited by the learned counsel for the appellant are not contradictory of the conclusion arrived at. They are, with two exceptions, from courts of other states, and present two classes of questions: (1) Indorsement of checks by persons without authority so to do; and (2) the indorsement of checks by officers or agents of corporations and deposited to the credit of such depositors with the knowledge of the bank receiving the deposit that the fund so credited to the depositor was the property of the payee named in the check. The case most relied on is Graham v. Southington Bank Trust Co.
In Dennis Metal Manufacturing Co. v. Fidelity Union Trust Company, 123 Atl. Rep. 1614. N.J., the president of the Corporation indorsed checks payable to the order of the corporation and deposited them in his account in the defendant bank and did not account to the corporation for the proceeds of the checks. It was there held that the president not only had no authority to indorse a check, but the bank, having *16
notice that the money of the corporation was being misapplied to the president's account, could not defend successfully in an action to charge it with the amount of the fund so misappropriated. The same character of transaction was presented in Wagner Trading Company v. B.P. National Bank,
In Palo Alto Mutual Building Loan Association v. First National Bank of Palo Alto,
We are in accord with the conclusion of the learned judges of the court below and therefore affirm the judgment. *17