17 P.2d 614 | Wash. | 1932
The city of Auburn, in the course of its municipal activities, maintains a park open to the *77 public, in which it has constructed certain playground apparatus, including a merry-go-round. Plaintiff, who was ten years old at the time of the accident which is the basis of this action, while playing in and about the merry-go-round, suffered an injury to his right hand, which resulted in the amputation of the index finger. This action was instituted for the purpose of recovering damages suffered by plaintiff because of this injury. Defendant demurred to plaintiff's amended complaint on the ground that the same did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, and from a judgment dismissing the action, after the entry of an order sustaining the demurrer, plaintiff appeals.
The complaint alleges that the merry-go-round upon which appellant was injured consisted of a circular platform approximately twenty-five feet in diameter, operated by means of cogwheels in and about the center post; that these cogs were left open and exposed, and that children were accustomed to play in and about the same and insert sticks into the cogwheels while the platform was revolving; that these facts were well known to respondent, but that respondent permitted the apparatus to remain with the cogwheels open and unguarded, and permitted children to operate the same; that appellant, not understanding the danger of his act, in the course of his play in and about the merry-go-round, inserted a stick into the cogwheels, and that, while appellant's right hand was in close contact with the center post, the appliance was placed in motion, with the result that his hand was injured, as above set forth.
Appellant alleged that the merry-go-round was dangerous to children playing therewith, and constituted a nuisance and one particularly attractive to children, that appellant is entitled to receive from respondent compensation for his injuries, and that error *78 was committed in sustaining a demurrer to his complaint and in dismissing the action.
The sole question before us is the sufficiency of the complaint as against a general demurrer. Appellant argues that, under the allegations of his complaint, it must be held that respondent created and maintained a nuisance, and that for this it is liable in damages to one injured thereby, even though it be held that its act was performed in the course of the exercise by respondent of its governmental functions.
[1] For the purposes of this case only, we assume, as argued by appellant, that the doctrine of municipal immunity for negligence in the performance of acts embraced within governmental functions does not apply to the case of a nuisance created and maintained by a municipality. In support of his contention that the situation disclosed by this complaint shows the creation and maintenance of a nuisance, appellant cites many authorities.
In the case of Hoffman v. Bristol,
In the case of Seattle v. Lloyds' etc. Ins. Co., 253 Fed. 321, the city of Seattle was held liable for damages resulting from the acts of its port warden in causing a high explosive to be stored in a place where the storage of explosives was prohibited by ordinance. The placing of a large quantity of dynamite in a place where its explosion would be practically certain to cause injury, constituted the creation of a nuisance for which those responsible should be held in damages.
We are convinced that the merry-go-round, as described in appellant's complaint, should not be classified either as a nuisance, as matter of law, or to constitute such a dangerous agency as would justify a court or a jury in finding that the same constituted a nuisance, as matter of fact. It cannot be said that the natural tendency of respondent's act was to create danger or cause injury to the children who might play on or about the merry-go-round, and certainly the apparatus was not in its inherent nature so dangerous as to render the hazard extreme and within the rule laid down by the court of appeals of New York in the case of Melker v. New York,
In the case of Bernstein v. Milwaukee,
In the case of Vanderford v. Houston, 286 S.W. (Tex.Civ.App.) 568, the court of civil appeals of Texas held that the city was not liable on account of *80 the drowning of a two year old baby in a wading pool, water in which was less than three feet deep. It was held that the wading pool did not constitute a nuisance and that the city was not liable for negligence. The court very pertinently remarked that amusement devices would fail of their purpose if they were not attractive to children, and that the acceptance by parents of the city's invitation to children to use playground facilities carried with it the assumption of some risk. The doctrine of the turntable cases was held inapplicable, the court ruling that the principle therein laid down has no application to a public park, with which reasoning we are in entire accord.
It is pertinent to remark that, in the case at bar, it must be assumed that the merry-go-round was perfectly safe, if properly used for the purpose for which it was intended. Almost any such appliance may cause injury if improperly used, and it must be recognized that it is well nigh impossible to make such instrumentalities small-boy-proof, or so safe that injury cannot result from abuse thereof.
We are clearly of the opinion that the facts alleged afford no basis for holding, either as matter of law or matter of fact, that respondent maintained a nuisance.
[2] Appellant next argues that respondent is liable for the reason that it maintained an attractive nuisance, in that the merry-go-round attracted children and lured them into a danger zone where they were likely to be injured.
We are convinced that, in the operation of a public park or playground, a municipality is functioning in its governmental capacity, and that its liability is governed by the rules applicable to such a situation.
Appellant cites the opinion of the supreme court of Wyoming in the case of Ramirez v. Cheyenne,
Appellant argues that the opinion of this court in the case ofWatson v. Kent,
In the case of Clark v. Seattle,
Respondent contends that, as the city was, in maintaining the playground, acting in its governmental capacity, *82
it is not responsible for damages arising out of such operation, and cites the opinions of this court in the cases of Russell v.Tacoma,
We are clearly of the opinion that, under the authorities, the city in maintaining the park and playground was carrying out its governmental functions, and that it cannot be held that the merry-go-round upon which appellant was injured constituted either a nuisance or a dangerous appliance attractive to children, within the rules contended for by appellant. We are satisfied that the rule of municipal liability for damages resulting from such a state of facts as is disclosed by appellant's complaint should not be extended so as to include such an action as this.
The demurrer to appellant's amended complaint was properly sustained, and the judgment appealed from is accordingly affirmed.
TOLMAN, C.J., MAIN, and STEINERT, JJ., concur. *83