112 Va. 816 | Va. | 1911
delivered the opinion of the court.
By deed of trust dated December 12, 1902, A. M. Stull and' A. W. Persinger conveyed to R. L. Parrish, Jr., trustee, a-tract of land to secure to the Longdale Iron Company a debt of 88,000; on November 15, 1904, this debt was assigned to the Clifton Forge Light and Water Company; and on December 15, 1904, O. B. Harvey was substituted by decree of the Circuit Court of Alleghany county as trustee in the said deed in the place and stead of R. L. Parrish, Jr., who had resigned. By deed bearing date September 25, 1905, Persinger conveyed his interest in this land to J. C. Stull, subject to the lien of the deed of trust. In February, 1908, default then existing in the payment of the debt, the Clifton Forge Light and Water Company directed Harvey, the substituted trustee, to enforce the deed of trust, and he thereupon caused to be published in the “Clifton Forge Review,” a newspaper published in the city of Clifton Forge, a notice to the effect that on March 6, 1908, he would make sale of the tract of land aforesaid, or so much thereof' as might be necessary. This notice did not specify certain of the valuable rights and privileges which were subject to the lien of the deed of trust, nor did it specify what part of the land would be sold should it be unnecessary to make sale of the whole.
On March 4, 1908, A. M. and J. C. Stull were awarded an injunction against the trustee and the Clifton Forge Light and Water Company. This injunction was dissolved on March 19, 1908, on the motion of the defendants. At the
By decree of May 19, 1908, the clerk of the Circuit Court of Augusta county was directed to and did pay to Timber-lake and Nelson, out of funds which had been deposited with him, the sum of $200 for their fee for the services
The first question which we have to consider relates to the jurisdiction of this court.
It is insisted upon the part of appellees that the decree of May 19, 1908, is a final decree; that, being a final decree, Timberlake & Nelson could not be made parties to this suit
In this view we cannot concur. The decree of May 19, 1908, is not a final decree. As was said by this court in Sims v. Sims, 94 Va. 580, 27 S. E. 436, 64 Am. St. Rep. 772, “A decree which disposes of the whole subject, gives all the relief that is contemplated, and leaves nothing to be done by the court, is to be regarded as final; and, on the other hand, every decree which leaves anything to be done by the court in the cause is interlocutory as between the parties remaining in the court.” Citing Cooke’s Admr. v. Gilpin, 1 Rob. 20; Ryan v. McLeod, 32 Gratt. 367; Rawlings v. Rawlings, 75 Va. 76; Wright v. Strother, 76 Va. 857.
The object of the petition, improperly called a bill of review, was to reopen certain questions which were disposed of by the decree of May 19, 1908. ■ It does settle the question at issue with respect to the ■ attorneys’ fee allowed to Timberlake & Nelson; but it referred other questions at issue between the parties to a commissioner for report, so that it is manifest that all the relief contemplated by the pleadings had not been given. The" final decree of October 25, 1910, disposes of property greater in amount than the minimum sum necessary to confer jurisdiction upon this court.
The principal question presented by the appeal is whether or not, under the circumstances of this case, the substituted trustee was j ustified in the employment of counsel, whose fees were to constitute a charge upon and be paid out of the trust fund. No question is raised involving the good faith of any party to this record. That the trustee believed that he had the right to employ counsel, that he did employ counsel, that counsel rendered the service, and
The trust deed makes no provision for the compensation of the trustee; the trustee made no sale, so as to be entitled to the compensation provided for by section 2442 of the Code, of five per cent, upon the first $300 and two per cent. upon the residue of the proceeds.
In Perry on Trusts (6th ed.), sec. 910, it is said: “Trustees have an inherent equitable right to be reimbursed all expenses which they reasonably and properly incur in the execution of the trust, and it is immaterial that there are no provisions for such expenses in the instrument of trust. If a person undertakes an office for another in relation to property, he has a natural right to be reimbursed all the money necessarily expended in the performance of the duty. And for losses that may accrue to himself in the proper administration of the trust. Thus a trustee will be reimbursed all his necessary traveling expenses, and all reasonable fees paid for legal advice in the discharge of his duties. And this rule will be applied, although the trust may subsequently be declared void, if the trustees were without blame in the matter. So trustees will be allowed all the expenses of litigation concerning the fund, and all costs which they are ordered to pay to strangers, if the litigation was forced upon them, or was necessary for the protection of the estate; . . . A trustee can receive pay only for such services and expenses as are within the line of the° duties imposed on him by the instrument creating the trust.”
In Rossett v. Fisher, 11 Gratt. 492, 498, Judge Moncure said: “A trustee in a deed of trust is the agent of both parties, and bound to act impartially between them; nor
It is the duty of the trustee to protect the trust estate from waste, invasion or trespass, and, of course, it would be his duty to defend all suits brought against him with respect to the trust subject. In the performance of these duties a trustee would be justified in employing counsel and charging their compensation to the trust fund.
This court held, in Cochran v. Richmond, &c., R. Co., 91 Va. 339, 21 S. E. 644, that “Trustees who in good faith engage the services of counsel to aid them in the execution of duties, even where not expressly authorized, are entitled to pay them out of the trust fund, or to be reimbursed out of that fund for all the expenses which they have incurred, including reasonable fees to attorneys.” We have again examined that case and are satisfied with the decision. But something more than good faith is necessary to justify the trustee in the employment of counsel: there must be some reasonable ground to justify the trustee and to ren°der the employment of counsel reasonably necessary to aid in the discharge of the duties of the trustee and the protection of the trust property; and such was the case in Cochran v. Richmond &c., supra. There was, indeed, in that case no dispute as to the right of counsel to receive compensation. There were liens by deed of trust upon the
There is an instructive criticism of this case in the opinion of the Corporation Court of Lynchburg, adopted by this court in Wilson v. Langhorne, 105 Va. 68, 52 S. E. 842:
“It is undoubtedly well settled that a trustee, where there are doubts and difficulties attending the execution of his trust, may appeal to the court for guidance, and as incident to this right, or when legal advice is necessary, or when maintaining or defending the deed of trust in suits in which the cestui que trust is not a party, may employ counsel, and out of the fund pay reasonable counsel fees. The cases of Cochran v. Richmond and Alleghany R. Co., 91 Va. 339 [21 S. E. 664], and Berkeley & Harrison v. Green, 102 Va. 378 [46 S. E. 387], certainly fall under the above rule. In the first case the trustees only were parties to the suit, and not the bondholders, except in answer to the petition of Cabell & Smith for more fee. Cochran and all the bondholders in 1891 agreed upon the fee, but Cochran contended no part thereof should come out of the fund from which he was to be paid. In that case the trustees alone were asserting the rights of the bondholders and, of course, were entitled to have counsel fees allowed. In the latter case, Green, trustee, filed a bill asking the aid of the court in the execution of his trust, and therefore had the right to retain counsel for that purpose and pay them a fee out of the fund. But these cases are not analogous to the one at bar. Wilson, trustee, in this case was only a formal party holding*824 the legal title, and all the creditors interested in the deed of trust were sui juris and before the court.”
In Berkeley & Harrison v. Green, 102 Va. 378, 46 S. E. 387, the trust deed in express terms provided, that the trustee “shall be authorized and empowered to employ counsel and compensate them for their services out of the trust funds.” And the court found as a fact that the administration of the trust necessitated the institution and prosecution of a litigation, and involved debts and assets to the amount of several hundred thousand dollars.
The trustee, as we have seen, is the agent of the grantor and of the grantee, of the debtor and of the creditor, and is bound to stand neutral and impartial between them. We have enumerated cases in which the trustee has the right and it would be his duty to employ counsel, but in every case there must exist some reasonable necessity for such employment. We shall not attempt an exclusive enumeration of the conditions under which such employment would be proper, but will leave each case to be determined upon its merits.
In the case before us, the grantors in the deed of trust, for reasons satisfactory to themselves, filed a bill to enjoin the trustee from making sale under the deed of trust. To that bill the trustee and the beneficiary were made parties. The beneficiary was sui juris and capable of protecting its own interests. The trustee had no interest whatever in that litigation, unless it be that in every case where a trustee is a formal party he has the right to employ counsel and charge his fees against the trust fund. That such is not the case in Virginia is shown by the careful manner in which each case is discriminated by the court, and the precise fact pointed out which in the opinion of the court justifies the allowance. The cases in which trustees have been enjoined in this State from the execution of the trust are innumerable, but in none of them, so far as we are advised,
We are of opinion that it was error under the facts of this case to allow the fee of $200 as a charge upon the trust fund. We are further of opinion that the fees paid to the clerk for copies of certain papers, the cost of two advertisements of sale and the surveyor’s fee, aggregating $119.30, and the sum of $100 allowed by the commissioner to the trustee for services in the execution of the trust, should be allowed as a charge upon the trust fund, and that all other charges be disallowed and denied.
The decree complained of is reversed, and the cause remanded to the circuit court for further proceedings to be had therein not in conflict with this opinion.
Reversed.