175 Ind. App. 669 | Ind. Ct. App. | 1978
D. Blanche Struble is the landowner in this condemnation action. A jury awarded her $47,250 and interest for the taking of her land by the Elkhart County Park & Recreation Board. On this award the trial court computed interest at four per cent per annum, from November 21,1971 to July 31, 1974,-pursuant to IC 1971, 32-11-1-8 (Burns Code Ed.).
I.
Interest
Before 1965 the Indiana General Assembly made no provision for the award or computation of interest on condemnation judgments. Nevertheless Indiana courts recognized interest as an “essential element” of the just compensation demanded by our Constitution when private property is taken for public use. State, Highway Com’n v. Blackiston Land Co., Inc. (1973), 158 Ind. App.
In 1965 the General Assembly made provision for interest on condemnation awards at the rate of four per cent per annum. 1965 Ind. Acts, Ch. 344, Sec. 1. The legal interest rate then was six per cent per annum. In Gradison v. State (1973), 260 Ind. 688, 300 N.E.2d 67, interest upon the condemnation judgment was computed by the trial court at six per cent from the date of the “take” to July 8, 1965, the effective date of the four per cent interest provision, and at the rate of four per cent thereafter. The landowner maintained that he was entitled to six per cent interest for the entire period, since six per cent was the rate in effect at the time of the “take.” The Indiana Supreme Court concluded that the trial court properly computed the rate of interest, and that the General Assembly could set the rate of interest in condemnation cases:
“The origin of landowner’s right to compensation is constitutional and statutory. It is not based upon the voluntary acts and agreements of the parties, and although the obligation of the condemnor to pay has sometimes been referred to as an implied contract, there is no contract to protect against impairment, [citation omitted]. We perceive of no reason why the Legislature may not prescribe the rate of interest to be paid upon condemnation awards and alter it from time to time so long as it is not so unreasonably low as to be a deprivation of ‘just compensation’.”
260 Ind. at 712, 300 N.E.2d at 83.
The legal interest rate was changed from six per cent to eight per cent in 1971. 1971 Ind. Acts, P.L. 366, Sec. 10(4); IC 1971 24-4.6-1-102 (Burns Code Ed., Supp. 1977). In 1975 the General Assembly changed the interest rate on condemnation awards from four per cent to eight per cent. 1975 Ind. Acts, P.L. 301, Sec. 1(6). The landowner contends that these changes validate her claim that interest on her judgment should have been computed at eight rather
II.
Constitutionality
An act of the General Assembly enjoys a strong presumption of constitutionality. Roeschlein v. Thomas (1972), 258 Ind. 16, 280 N.E.2d 581. A court may not hold an act unconstitutional except on the' clearest showing of invalidity, and all doubts must be resolved in favor of the statute. State v. Clark (1966), 247 Ind. 490, 217 N.E.2d 588; Wright-Bachman, Inc. v. Hodnett (1956), 235 Ind. 307, 133 N.E.2d 713. As the Supreme Court wrote in State v. Clark, supra:
“The power to declare a statute void is to be exercised with the utmost care, and after all doubts as to its constitutionality have been removed. So, it is the general rule that a statute on the books at any given time, not judicially declared unconstitutional or invalid, is presumed to be valid until the contrary clearly appears; he who raises the question of constitutionality must assume the burden of making the unconstitutionality clearly apL pear by establishing invalidating facts.”
247 Ind. at 493-94, 217 N.E.2d at 590.
The landowner in the present case points out what she alleges to be two indicia of the statute’s unconstitutionality: the present legal rate of interest of eight per cent, which she uses as a measure of just compensation, and the act of the General Assembly in 1975, changing the rate of interest in condemnation actions to eight per cent. She asserts that this action amounted to an “admission” that the prior four per cent rate was unconstitutional. We conclude that the landowner has not satisfied her burden of establishing the statute’s unconstitutionality.
There is no indication that the interest rate on condemnation judgments was ever meant to stand in direct relation to the legal rate of interest. Although the legal rate was six per cent in 1965, the General Assembly chose to set the rate in condemnation actions at four per cent. Courts computed
Affirmed.
Hoffman, J. and Buchanan, J., (By designation), concur.
Note — Reported at 373 N.E.2d 906.
.. IC 1971, 32-11-1-8 (Burns Code Ed.), as it was in effect during the pendency of the case in the trial court, provided for interest as follows:
“Sixth. In any trial of exceptions, the court or jury shall compute and allow interest at the rate of 4% per annum on the amount of a defendant’s damages from the' date plaintiff takes possession of the property; but in no event shall any interest be allowed on any amount of money paid by the plaintiff to the clerk of the court after the same is withdrawn by the defendant.”
32-11-1-8 was amended in 1975 to provide for eight per cent interest on condemnation awards. See 1975 Ind. Acts, P.L. 301, Sec. 1.
. Article I, Section 21 provides in pertinent part:
“No man’s property shall be taken by law, without' just compensation; nor, except in case of the State, without such compensation first assessed and tendered.”
