11 Barb. 300 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1851
By the Court,
The plaintiff sued the defendant on a covenant, by which the defendant bound himself to use the utmost of his endeavors to teach the plaintiff the trade qf a cabinet, and mahogany door-maker. The covenant was not to teach him the trade, but to use his utmost endeavors to do so; and the proof that the defendant had done this, (so far as his own trade was concerned,) is too strong to justify the ■court in setting aside the verdict as against evidence. This leaves open the question, whether the plaintiff’s trade came within the description of trade contained in the covenant. The plaintiff contended that the trade described was cabinet making,
This evidence was, therefore, admissible. The judge, it is said, went beyond this, and allowed evidence that the plaintiff, and his father, knew what the business was that the defendant carried on. But the judge allowed this, (as his charge showed,) not as evidence of what the meaning of the words was, but only to ascertain whether the plaintiff, and his father, knew of that meaning ; and in his charge to the jury, he only authorized a verdict in favor of the defendant, if they should find not only that the “ cabinet and mahogany door-making” was a distinct business in the city of New-York, and that the defendant was
The jury inquired if the plaintiff learned the trade as carried on in the defendant’s shop, whether that would be all that was necessary. The judge answered “ yes, provided the jury should find that it was known to the parties that the defendant was engaged in the trade and business of a cabinet and mahogany door-maker,”
The proviso implied that the jury must find that the defendant was engaged in that business, and that this was known to the parties ; for it could not be known to the parties that he was engaged in the business, if he was not actually so engaged. If the plaintiff apprehended that the answer would lead the jury to suppose that the knowledge by the plaintiff of what the defendant’s business was, would bind him, though the defendant was not actually a cabinet and mahogany door-maker, he should have suggested that to the judge, and not have excepted merely, m general terms, to an instruction which was correct in fact.
The struggle of the plaintiff was, to show that he had not been taught the trade of a cabinet maker, as distinct from that of a mahogany door-maker. Yet it is evident that the only trade he was to be taught, was that of a door-maker. The two nouns forming the compound word “ door-maker” are joined together as one by a hyphen in the declaration, in the oyer of the indentures, in the pleas, and in the plaintiff’s points, and it was understood on the argument, that they are so in the indentures. The only noun, therefore, that cabinet or mahogany is connected with is, the one word door-maker; and the trade to be taught was, therefore, (so far as the indentures alone show,) the one trade of making cabinet and mahogany doors, or of making cabinet doors and mahogany doors. There was no such distinct trade as cabinet door-making, although there is of mahogany door-making, and of cabinet and mahogany door-making. It appears that the defendant’s business was not only making mahogany doors, but also doors of rose wood, satin wood and pine wood, and that this kind of door-making is a branch of the cabinet business. This explains how the term cabinet is joined
Edmonds, Edwards and Mitchell, Justices.]
In this view of the case, the verdict is not against the weight of evidence. Besides, it is very questionable whether the plaintiff could show any actual damage, if he has been taught the door-making business, and not the cabinet business. Those damages are not to be proved by a witness stating them in a lump at $1000, but by proof of what the wages are that can be obtained by a journeyman in the one business, and what in the other. One witness says, that better wages could be got at door work than cabinet; another, that the plaintiff said he could get employment at cabinet work, but would not, the wages were so low. The plaintiff, when he left the defendant, received $4 a week, and in seven months afterwards received $6 a week, and the proof is that journeymen cabinet makers receive from $4 to $9 per week, which is an average of $6,50 per week; and it is not extraordinary that at first the plaintiff should receive the lowest wages.
The jury were correctly instructed on the questions of law, and there is no sufficient reason to disturb their verdict.
New trial denied, with costs to the defendant.