175 F. 52 | 1st Cir. | 1910
This is a case of an involuntary petition in bankruptcy against the Lewis F. Perry & Whitney Company. The petition was dismissed by the District Court on the ground that not sufficient creditors joined therein to satisfy the requirement of the statute. Thereupon the petitioners, or some of them, appealed to us.
Putting on the claims of Skelly and Beaumont the best face possible for the petitioning creditors, the facts are as follows: The petition was filed on September 2?>, 1908. On September 10, 1908, a sister of Stroheim held several notes of the debtor. At that time she transferred to Skelly one note without any substantial consideration, for the sole purpose of enabling her brother’s copartnership to secure a sufficient number of creditors to proceed with the bankruptcy petition. Beaumont came into possession of another note under the same circumstances and for the same reason. Evidently they were not creditors when they joined the petition, because evidently the whole transaction was purely colorable, and the notes still belonged to Stioheim’s sister. Therefore they could not lawfully make the required oath to the involuntary petition. We concur fully with the conclusion of the learned judge of the District Court so far as these two signatures are concerned.
The assignment for the benefit of creditors was assented to by the clerk of the Dennison Manufacturing Company in its name and for its behalf. The proofs show that the clerk had done this on some several previous occasions without any objection from the corporation, and with its implied approval. In addition to this, the Dennison Manufacturing Company made attempts to withdraw from the assignment, giving various reasons why it might lawfully so do. In all this, however, they made no attempt to repudiate the authority oí its clerk to execute the assignment. Therefore, so far as that is concerned, it is evident that the original execution of the assignment must stand. In these proceedings by the Dennison Manufacturing Company an effort was made to bring the case within Canner v. Webster Tapper Co. (decided by us on March 11, 1909) 168 Fed. 519, 93 C. C. A. 541. There We permitted a creditor who had become a party to a general assignment to withdraw his assent thereto on the ground that he had been induced to assent by fraud. There is not a particle of evidence in this case of any existing fraud preceding or contemporaneous with
This leaves only Leahy. For the purpose of securing a sufficient number of creditors, Leahy purchased a claim against the alleged bankrupts from another creditor, who owned it when the involuntary petition was filed on September 23, 1908. Leahy offered to intervene on February 25, 1909. The statutes in bankruptcy fix no time with reference to these interventions; yet, of course, as proceedings in bankruptcy are of an equitable nature, the court might well apply to them the ordinary rules of laches. But the steps which brought the original claim from the owner of it to Leahy took place after the petition was filed. It is said that Leahy never in fact owned the claim, and, therefore, stood like Skelly and Beaumont; but we- can safely rest our conclusion on broader grounds. The general rule is that every legal proceeding of an adverse character relates to the date at which it is commenced. There are some exceptions to this; but they are strictly exceptions, supported by either some statutory provision or some settled practice of a peculiar nature. Neither of those things exist here; and most substantial reasons lead to the ordinary result, because nothing can be more injurious to a person or a corporation of the classes subject to proceedings in bankruptcy than to have affairs held up by a continuous series of doubtful events, following one another. It is necessary for every person transacting business and requiring credit to be able to say at some fixed period whether or not he is his own master; and the entire frame of the bankruptcy statutes is intended to help in this direction, and secure prompt action. The opinion filed by Judge Brown in behalf of this court in Moulton v. Coburn (decided on July 6, 1904) 131 Fed. 201, 66 C. C. A. 90, is in this line. There it was said that the court found nothing in the bankruptcy statutes to contravene the ordinary rule of law that the allegations of a declaration, bill, or petition are to be disposed of as of the time of filing or beginning the suit. The opinion continues that the court finds nothing, in the statutes “to indicate that creditors whose debts are created after the filing of the petition are entitled to join.” Indeed, while we do not criticise the motives of the parties to this proceeding, nor undertake to discredit their purpose to obtain an adjudication in bankruptcy against a debtor whose estate they evidently thought should be disposed of in accordance with the statutes relating thereto, we observe that the whole of the case presented to us is in contravention of the broad principles stated by us in Leighton v. Kennedy (decided on April 14, 1904) 129 Fed. 737, 741, 64 C. C. A. 265, 269. There we speak of what we found to be an attempt to create artificially a new condition for the specific purpose of defeating the carefully prepared scheme of the bankruptcy statutes, and we said:
“An attempt to create such a condition, and thus by indirect methods to defeat the scheme of the statutes, is unlawful and void, and so clearly so that we need not elaborate the proposition.”
The judgment of the District Court is affirmed, and the appellees recover their costs of appeal.