STRICKLAND v. THE STATE
44067
Supreme Court of Georgia
May 7, 1987
June 18, 1987 and July 8, 1987
357 SE2d 85
Our constitution provides that “[t]he right to trial by jury shall remain inviolate.”
I would dismiss the writ of certiorari in this case as being improvidently granted.
DECIDED MAY 7, 1987 — RECONSIDERATION DENIED JUNE 18, 1987 AND JULY 8, 1987.
Smith, Gambrell & Russell, David A. Handley, Hishon & Ranney, Hugh M. Worsham, Jr., for appellant.
Ford & Haley, James L. Ford, for appellee.
HUNT, Justice.
Robert Strickland, Jr., was convicted by a jury of the murder of his wife, Yvonne Strickland, and sentenсed to life imprisonment.1 He appeals, raising the general grounds and numerous special grounds.
In July 1985, the defendant and victim entered into a separation agreement and were not living together, although they continued to see each other frequently. On October 12, 1985, the defendant broke intо the victim‘s house and discovered the victim and Willie Brewer
1. Having reviewed the evidence in the light most favorable to the jury‘s verdict, we conclude that a rational trier of fact could have found the defendant guilty of murder beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979). Likewise, the jury‘s rejection of his insanity defense meets the standard of review of Brown v. State, 250 Ga. 66, 71-72 (295 SE2d 727) (1982).
2. The defendant requested and received a charge on voluntary manslaughter. The basis of his claim of рrovocation requiring such a charge was the victim‘s adulterous relations which she had recounted just before the shooting. The defendant contends that the trial court‘s charge “whether the deceased did or did not have relations with another is not relevant to the issues of this case” was сontrary to law and erroneously precluded the jury from rendering a verdict of voluntary manslaughter. The charge was given as part of a limiting instruction to the jury immediately prior to the testimony of a defense expert regarding foreign pubic hairs found on the victim. In its limiting instruction, the court charged the jury thаt the testimony of the expert that foreign pubic hairs were found on the victim should be considered not for the purpose of determining whether the victim had had sexual relations with others but solely for the purpose of determining whether she had recounted her adulterous activity as the defendant claimed just before he shot her.
We agree with the defendant that the charge regarding the irrelevance of the victim‘s adulterous conduct was error. Brooks v. State, 249 Ga. 583, 586 (292 SE2d 694) (1982). In Brooks, the defendant‘s murder conviction was reversed because of the trial court‘s failure to charge the law of voluntary manslaughter. We noted that while words alone will not constitute sufficient provocation to reduce a crime from murder to manslaughter, the defendant in that case was not provoked merely by the victim‘s insulting words, but also by her adulterous conduct with which she taunted him prior to the shooting. We also noted that althоugh the victim used words to make the defendant aware of her adultery, it was the victim‘s adulterous conduct, rather
Here, the victim‘s alleged adulterous conduct was nоt only relevant, but critical to the voluntary manslaughter claim.2 We agree with the state that the trial court‘s general charge on the law of voluntary manslaughter was proper. However, although the charge regarding the irrelevance of the victim‘s adulterous conduct to the issues in this case was given in the context of the consideration to be given the expert‘s testimony, it was not limited to that context, was given twice — immediately before the testimony of the expert and repeated in the complete charge to the jury at the close of the evidence — and wе cannot say that the erroneous charge was not harmful.
3. The defendant contends the trial court erred by improperly limiting cross-examination of a state‘s witness, Annette Carver. The question asked was whether Carver heard a member of Brewer‘s family make a death threat regarding the defеndant. The threat was allegedly made at the hospital when Carver and the victim were visiting Brewer, who was recuperating from the injuries inflicted by the defendant. The state‘s objection to that question was sustained on hearsay grounds.
The defendant‘s purpose for his question was connected to his reason for purchasing the gun with which he killed the victim. He testified that he purchased it because of threats of retaliation, made by members of Brewer‘s family and communicated to him by the victim. Under those circumstances, we agree with the defendant that such evidence was not hearsay sincе it was not offered to prove the truth of the substance of the threats. Rather, it was admissible on the issue of the defendant‘s credibility concerning his explanation of his purpose for acquiring the weapon. See Poteat v. State, 251 Ga. 87, 89 (4) (303 SE2d 452) (1983);
4. In defendant‘s first three enumerations, he contends error in the trial court‘s exclusion of testimony and evidence in his attempt to impeach the state‘s key witness, Willie Brewer.
On cross-examination of Brewer, the defendant attempted to introduce testimony and documentation in support of the fact that the
5. In his eighth enumeration, the defendant contends the trial court erred by ordering him to submit to a psychiatric examination and by allowing that psychiatrist to testify as a state‘s witness. We find no merit to the defendant‘s argument that he was unlawfully deprived of his rights under the
The defendant also argues that the trial court did not comply with the provisions of
6. In light of the possibility that this case may be retried, we have reviewed the defendant‘s remaining enumerations аnd have found no error which would require reversal.
Judgment reversed. All the Justices concur, except Marshall, C. J., Weltner and Bell, JJ., who dissent.
WELTNER, Justice, dissenting.
I respectfully dissent.
1. In reversing the conviction, the majority relies upon the case of Brooks v. State, 249 Ga. 583, 586 (292 SE2d 694) (1982). The error in that case was the failure of the trial court to give a jury instruction on the elеments of voluntary manslaughter as a lesser included offense. There, the record showed that the defendant‘s wife had taunted him about her promiscuous conduct.
2. The jury here was charged as to voluntary manslaughter. The error claimed in this case centers upon limiting instructions by the court given in cоnjunction with the admission of expert testimony.
3. This case differs from Brooks in two significant aspects: the trial court gave a full and correct charge on voluntary manslaughter; there was no evidence of taunting by this victim. Instead, Strickland said that his wife expressed doubt as to whether the two of them could effect a reconciliation, in that “she had sex with so many different people so much that it just didn‘t mean anything to her anymore.” His testimony continued: “And she started naming the names of the people. There was some I knew about, like Floyd and Willie...and she recounted this and we weren‘t arguing. We weren‘t fussing. She was saying all this in just a normаl tone of conversation.” (Emphasis supplied.)
4. Hence, it might be argued that, as there was no evidence of provocation, there was no necessity of the charge on manslaughter; and, without such a necessity, the questioned instruction (as to the relevance of wife‘s sexual conduct) was not error. We need not resolve that inquiry, however, as it should be clear that if error there were, it was cured by later instruction.
5. The trial court advised the jury that testimony concerning “foreign pubic hairs” found upon the body of the victim was admitted solely for the purpose of determining whethеr the conversations to which Strickland testified had occurred, and cautioned the jury that “whether the deceased did or not have sexual relations with another is not relevant to the issues in this case.” This instruction was re
“I instruct you that a person commits the offense of voluntary manslaughter when he causes the death of another human being under circumstances which would otherwise be murder, and if he acts solely as a result of a sudden, violent, and irresistible passion resulting from serious provocation sufficient to excite such passion in a reasonable person. However, if there should have been an interval between the provocation and the killing, sufficient for the voice of reason and humanity to be heard, of which the jury in all cases shall be the judge, the killing shall be attributed to deliberate revenge and be punished as murder.”
Further, the trial court stated “[W]hat circumstances will justify an excitement of passion and exclude all idea of deliberation or malice, the law does not undertake to say.... It is for the jury to determine whether the chain of circumstances and conduct were sufficient to engender what the law refers to as an irresistible passion. Likewise, the question of cooling time is exclusively for determination by the jury.” (Emphasis supplied.)
6. Unlike the defendant in Brooks, Strickland was given a full and correct charge on voluntary manslaughter. The jury was instructed that it might consider any matter in determining whether there was sufficient provocation. The jury heard, at great length and without limitation, testimony as to the conduct of the wife, and as to Strickland‘s reaction thereto. There was no proscription upon Strickland‘s counsel in arguments to the jury. (In short, the case went to the jury on a defense of insanity, and the jury rejected that defense.)
7. Because the existence of error is itself doubtful, and because any error was cured by later instructions, this conviction should be affirmed.
I am authorized to state that Chief Justice Marshall and Justice Bell join in this dissent.
DECIDED JUNE 24, 1987 — RECONSIDERATION DENIED JULY 8, 1987.
Robert Strickland, Jr., pro se.
Carl P. Greenberg, for appellant.
Robert E. Wilson, District Attorney, Thomas S. Clegg, Susan Brooks, Assistant District Attorneys, Michael J. Bowers, Attorney General, Dennis R. Dunn, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee.