Strickland v. King
239 S.E.2d 243
N.C.
1977
Check Treatment
*733 COPELAND, Justice.

Plaintiffs contend that the North Carolina Workmen’s Compensation Act has no application to this case and they consequently should be permitted to pursue their remedies at common law. For reasons hereinafter indicated, we agree and reverse the decision of the courts below.

The Workmen’s Compensation Act, in G.S. 97-9, provides that the sole remedy for a covered employee against his employer or those conducting the employer’s business is to seek compensation under the Act. Thus, an employee subject to the Act whose injuries arise out of and in the course of his employment may not maintain a common law action against a negligent co-employee. Warner v. Leder, 234 N.C. 727, 69 S.E. 2d 6 (1952).

The principal issue in the instant case is whether plaintiffs’ injuries arose out of and in the course of their employment. Injuries received by an employee while traveling to or from his place of employment are usually not covered by the Act unless the employer furnishes the means of transportation as an incident of the contract of employment. Whittington v. A. J. Schnierson & Sons, Inc., 255 N.C. 724, 122 S.E. 2d 724 (1961). However, injuries sustained by an employee while going to or from the work place on premises owned or controlled by the employer are generally deemed to have arisen out of and in the course of employment. Bass v. Mecklenburg County, 258 N.C. 226, 128 S.E. 2d 570 (1962). In the case under consideration, plaintiffs were injured while leaving work on a road owned and maintained by their employer, the design and construction of which substantially complied with specifications for State highways. Defendants, in driving plaintiffs home, were performing no assigned duties for their employer; thus, the only factor which would suggest that this accident arose out of the parties’ employment was the ownership and maintenance of the road by DuPont. Yet, even though an accident occurred on the employer’s premises at a time when the employee was within the compass of his employment, this alone is insufficient to justify a finding that the injury arose out of the employment. Bryan v. T. A. Loving Company and Associates, 222 N.C. 724, 24 S.E. 2d 751 (1943).

Injuries in parking lots owned and maintained for employees by employers while arriving at or departing from the work site *734 have often been held to arise out of and in the course of employment because the risk of injury in such lots is different in kind and greater in degree than that experienced by the general public. See, e.g., Altman v. Sanders, 267 N.C. 158, 148 S.E. 2d 21 (1966); Maurer v. The Salem Company, 266 N.C. 381, 146 S.E. 2d 432 (1966); Davis v. Devil Dog Manufacturing Company, 249 N.C. 543, 107 S.E. 2d 102 (1959); Harless v. Flynn, 1 N.C. App. 448, 162 S.E. 2d 47 (1968). In the instant case, however, the accident occurred a substantial distance (one and one-half miles) from the employer’s plant and parking lot on a road which differed in no significant respect from a public highway, other than its character as private property. The risks employees were exposed to in going to and coming from the plant were not materially different from those encountered on a public highway. Further, merely by driving their fellow employees home under an arrangement set up among themselves, defendants could not be said to have been conducting their employer’s business. Thus, it is our conclusion that under the circumstances in this case plaintiffs are not barred by the provisions of G.S. 97-9 from pursuing their common law actions against the defendant co-employees.

As to defendant Ramsey Chevrolet Company, however, the dismissal by the trial court was proper. As pointed out by the Court of Appeals, the Workmen’s Compensation Act would not bar plaintiffs’ claims against this defendant, since it was not a co-employee. Altman v. Sanders, supra. Nonetheless, mere joint ownership of an automobile does not render one joint owner liable for injuries caused by another joint owner while the latter is using the vehicle for his own purposes unaccompanied by his co-owner. Rushing v. Polk, 258 N.C. 256, 128 S.E. 2d 675 (1962).

Thus, with the exception of the dismissal of plaintiffs’ actions against Ramsey Chevrolet Company, the decision of the Court of Appeals was erroneous and is

Reversed and remanded.