Appellant, Lewis W. Strange, challenges a judgment of the State Court of Chattooga County,- Georgia, in the amount of $25,000 in favor of appellee, Hugh Henderson. Appellee successfully sued appellant for oral defamation based on appellant’s statements during a radio broadcast in July 1991.
The incident involved a radio talk show known as “Feedback,” which encouraged listeners to call in and discuss current events with a moderator. Appellant participated regularly, to the point that he sometimes referred to his contributions to “Feedback” as the “Lewis Strange Show.” While on the air, appellant discussed issues ranging from abortion rights and religion to county tax problems. He testified that he often said things on the air that he did not believe as “entertainment” for the listeners.
On July 9, 1991, appellant called into the radio show and discussed a recent fire at a building owned by appellee. During his time on the air, appellant named appellee as owner of the building and stated that the building was not insured; that appellee was attempting to get a government grant to rebuild the building at taxpayer expense instead of “being responsible and covering [his] behind and having insurance”; and that property taxes on the building were “way delinquent.”
Appellant admits that he had done nothing to confirm his statements before making them on the air and that his information came from an anonymous phone call prior to the broadcast. He claims that he learned later , that day that he was wrong about the building’s insurance; he called the radio station the next day to say that appellee was “not involved” in the subject of the previous day’s discussion and to apologize to appellee. Appellant never apologized to appellee directly, although they had some contact in the days after the broadcast.
After the case was filed, appellant notified appellee that he intended to introduce the tapes of the broadcast at trial. However, appellant filed a motion in limine immediately prior to the trial to exclude as immaterial many of appellant’s controversial statements
Defamation via a radio or television broadcast (or a “defamacast,” as it has become generally known) includes elements of both libel under OCGA § 51-5-1, and slander under OCGA § 51-5-4.
S & W Seafoods Co. v. Jacor Broadcasting,
1. In the first enumeration of error, appellant asserts that the trial court erred in failing to charge the jury pursuant to OCGA § 51-5-4 (b), that proof of special damages is essential to support this action. Appellant claims that his statements that appellee was uninsured. and had hot paid property taxes were not references to appellee’s “trade, profession, or business,” since appellee was retired. Therefore, appellant asserts, the statements were not actionable per se under OCGA § 51-5-4 (a) (3), and appellee could not recover without proving special damages. OCGA § 51-5-4 (b).
However, appellee testified that he was “semi-retired” at the time of the incident, and that he continued to own and manage rental property, including the property referred to by appellant during the broadcast. Supporting the evidence that appellee was still employed in real estate at the time of the incident was appellant’s admission that he had purchased property from appellee after the incident. A false accusation that the owner of rentál property failed to insure or pay property taxes on such property could reasonably be construed to refer to one’s “trade, profession, or business.” Therefore, the accusation is actionable per se, and special damages do not have to be proved to sustain a finding of defamation under OCGA § 51-5-4 (a) (3).
2. In the second enumeration of error, appellant asserts that the trial court erred in not granting appellant’s motion in limine, and thereafter allowing into evidence appellant’s immaterial, irrelevant, and prejudicial statements regarding his controversial views on religion and abortion.
Under OCGA § 24-2-4, “[w]here either party introduces part of a document or record, the opposite party may read so much of the balance as is relevant.” In addition, under OCGA § 24-3-38, “[w]hen an admission [
1
] is given in evidence by one party, it shall be the right of the other party to have the whole admission and all the conversation connected therewith admitted into evidence.” These rules provide the context necessary for the jury to determine the speaker’s “true drift, intent and meaning” when the statement was made. See
Smalls v. State,
In the case sub judice, appellant notified appellee of his intention to introduce as evidence tapes and transcripts of the July 9 and 10, 1991 broadcasts of the “Feedback” radio show. He later filed a motion in limine seeking to exclude appellant’s “ranting and raving” and other “idle banter” from evidence. The trial court denied the motion.
The statements regarding abortion and religion, which the appellant wants to exclude, are relevant to the case because they provide a context from which the jury could have inferred that, rather than serving a legitimate public service, appellant instead was acting maliciously to incite the public with a reckless disregard for the truth. See OCGA § 51-5-5;
Melton v. Bow,
Appellant also asserts that the abortion and religion statements prejudiced the jury against appellant. However, no mention of potential prejudice was made in appellant’s motion in limine, nor were objections made when the tapes were played to the jury. “ ‘Failure to object in the trial court leaves nothing for this court to review on appeal. [Cit.]’ ”
James v. Tyler,
3. Finally, appellant asserts that the verdict, judgment, and order overruling appellant’s motion for new trial should be reversed, as the verdict is contrary to law, contrary to the evidence, and against the weight of the evidence.
Specifically, appellant asserts that the statements at issue could not have been defamatory because they were true. Appellant claims that appellee had underinsured his building by one third of its value, i.e., $200,000 of its approximately $300,000 value. In addition, appellant notes that appellee had been delinquent in payment of his property taxes in 1988 and 1989.
However, appellant’s statements on the “Feedback” radio show in 1991 were that “Mr. Henderson there in town owns that build ing. . . . And the building burnt down, there was no insurance, . . . [and] that property was way delinquent on these property taxes . . .” at the time of the fire. (Emphasis supplied.) Appellant admitted during his testimony that the statements were false. Therefore, this Court rejects appellant’s belated, contradictory, and meritless argument that the statements were, in fact, true after all.
Further, appellant asserts for the first time that his broadcast statements were privileged as a matter of law, since they were “[statements made with a good faith intent on the part of the speaker to protect his or her interest in a manner in which it is concerned.” OCGA § 51-5-7 (3). However, appellant did not claim privilege as a defense in his answer, during pre-trial motions, through requested jury charges, at trial, or during his motions for a new trial. Therefore, the defense of privilege was waived and is not reviewable by this Court.
Judgment affirmed.
Notes
An admission is an out-of-court statement which is “positive or substantive proof of the facts asserted” and “inconsistent with the contention of the party.”
Seaboard Coast Line R. Co. v. Duncan,