97 F. 735 | 8th Cir. | 1899
Is the written statement of mortgagors of personal property by unrecorded chattel mortgages that the possession of the property is delivered to the mortgagee, and their order on the bailee thereof to deliver it to the agents of the mortgagee, a sufficient delivery of possession to sustain the mortgages against attaching creditors whose writs come to the hands of the marshal in the Indian Territory before any actual change of possession is effected, and before the bailee receives the order, or any notice of the transaction? This is the question which this case presents. The United States court in the Indian Territory answered it in the affirmative, and the United States court of appeals in that territory answered it in the negative, and this is the error assigned. The question arose in this way: In January and February, 1895, J. B. Ingram and H. A. Ingram made some chattel mortgages upon 225 steers which .they owned to secure debts of about $3,400 and interest, and on August 20, 1895, when this litigation commenced, these mortgages were owned by the plaintiff in error, StrahornHutton-Evans Commission Company, a corporation. On that day the cattle were in the possession of one Alex. Yargee in his pasture in the Indian Territory, and the mortgages had never been filed or recorded in that territory. J. E. Ingram was about 45 miles distant from the cattle, in the territory of Oklahoma. At about 8 in the morning he executed and delivered to the agents of the mortgagee a written instrument in which he stated that the possession of the cattle was delivered to them, as such agents, under the terms of the mortgages, and he gave them a written order on Yargee to turn the steers over to them. In the evening of that day, and before these agents had the actual possession of the cattle, before they presented their order to Yargee, and before he was in any way notified of the attempted change of possession, the defendants in error commenced actions in the United States court in the Indian Territory against J. R. Ingram, and issued and placed in the hands of the marshal writs of attachment against his property, which were subsequently levied upon some of these mortgaged cattle. Judgment was subsequently obtained against Ingram in these actions. In each of these attachment suits the mortgagee filed an interplea, and claimed the attached cattle under its mortgages and the paper possession we have described. The two suits were consolidated, and tried together by the court without a jury. Upon this trial, objection was made and exception was taken to the introduction in evidence of the mortgagors’ written statement of August 20, 1895, to the effect that possession of the cattle was delivered to the agents of the mortgagees, and to oral testimony of the contents of the order on Yargee. The trial court received this evidence, held that the paper delivery of the cattle was sufficient to validate the mortgages without further change of possession, and awarded the cattle to the interpleader. The cour-t of appeals in the Indian Territory reversed these rulings, and at the request and pursuant to the agreement of the parties and subject to the opinion of this court rendered judgment for the plaintiffs in the attachments against the interpleader. 48 S. W. 1066. This is the ruling challenged by the writ of error.
There are two reasons why the written statement of the delivery of possession made by the mortgagors in this-case and their order on the bailee of the property did not constitute such a change of possession as will validate and sustain these mortgages against the creditors and purchasers of the mortgagors. The first is that they were not accompanied with an open, public delivery of the possession, such as was calculated to notify creditors and purchasers of the change of possession and control of the cattle, and the property was of the kind where such actual delivery was both possible and
The other reason why the attempted delivery to the mortgagee was insufficient to sustain the mortgages in this case is that the property was in the possession of the bailee, Yargee, and he was not notified of the order upon him, or of the attempted change of possession, until after the marshal had received the writs, and their liens had been fastened upon the property. Where personal property is in the actual possession of a bailee, notice to him is indispensable to a delivery of the property to a mortgagee that will be effectual against creditors and purchasers, because he is in the actual possession of the property, and there is no change of such possession until he receives notice of it. Whitney v. Lynde, 16 Vt. 579, 586; Tuxworth v. Moore, 9 Pick. 347, 348; Carter v. Willard, 19 Pick. 1, 11; Lanfear v. Sumner, 17 Mass. 110, 114.
The judgment of the United States court of appeals in the Indian Territory is affirmed;