86 N.Y.S. 843 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1904
The, action is upon two promissory notes for $150 each, made and delivered by the defendant to the plaintiff. The notes express consideration, and the defendant testified on the trial that they were given foij certain stock in a corporation known as the Century Engraving Company belonging to the plaintiff and transferred, by him to the defendant at the time the notes were given. Neither the amount nor the value of the stock appears, nor was there any claim made upon the trial or any attempt to show that the value of the stock was less than the amount of the notes. The stock appears . to have been retained by the defendant without even an offer to return it and there was no claim or defense of a failure of consideration addressed specifically to the two notes in. suit. The answer alleges that “ any notes made by defendant in favor of plaintiff were procured through the willful misrepresentation of the plaiiitiff to this defendant, as to the assets and liabilities of the Century Engraving Company,” but such a general allegation cannot be regarded as raising an issue ' as to the validity of the notes in question.
The defendant, however, set up a counterclaim in the answer, and the real controversy arises upon the refusal -of the court to receive evidence offered in support of it. The counterclaim is set - forth as follows: “ Defendant as and for a counterclaim against the
The plaintiff replied to the counterclaim by a general denial, and the learned counsel for the appellant claims that by omitting to demur to the counterclaim for insufficiency in the statement of facts, or to move to make the allegations of fact more definite and certain, the plaintiff waived the objection and could not, therefore, oppose the proof offered upon the trial to sustain the counterclaim which was thus placed in issue as a matter of fact by the reply. It is sufficient to say of this contention that the authorities relied upon to uphold it apply only to cases where the counterclaim which is imperfectly set forth is one which may lawfully be interposed in the action. In the earlier adjudications in this State it was indeed held that a. plaintiff by taking issue by reply to a counterclaim which was not legally admissible as such in the action waived the right to object to the admission of evidence to sustain it. Among those cases are Ayres v. O'Farrell (10 Bosw. 143) and Hammond v. Terry (3 Lans. 186). But the doctrine of those cases and others of similar import has since been overthrown^ and it may now be regarded as settled that there is no such waiver where the counterclaim is one which from its inherent nature cannot be lawfully interposed to the plaintiff’s claim. (See Smith v. Hall, 67 N. Y. 48 ; People v. Dennison, 84 id. 272 ; Dinan v. Coneys, 143 id. 544.) If the defendant has a valid claim against the plaintiff for the damages arising from his loan to the Century Engraving Company the judgmént in this case is, under the decisions of the Court of Appeals herein cited, no bar to its enforcement in a separate action, and the reasoning of the earlier cases for the conclusion reached necessarily fails.
It is provided by section 501 of the Code of Civil Procedure in effect that a counterclaim in an action founded on contract must
The judgment should be affirmed.
All concurred.
Judgment of the County Court of Queens county affirmed, with costs.