190 So. 78 | Ala. | 1939
Lead Opinion
The petition sought a declaratory judgment as to salary alleged to be due and unpaid by the State of Alabama. Bagwell v. Woodward Iron Co.,
The final decree from which the appeal was taken is in the following words:
"This cause coming on to be heard is submitted for final decree upon the petition, the admissions contained in the answer of respondents, and said answer, all as noted by the Register, and also upon the Journals of the House and Senate of the State of Alabama for the Special Session of 1933, of which the Court takes judicial knowledge, and the Court having heard and considered the argument of counsel is of the opinion that the so-called Sparks Amendment to the Constitution of Alabama known as Article 24 of the Constitution of Alabama is a valid part of the Constitution of Alabama, and that the salary of petitioner, while he occupied the office of Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries, and was ex officio member of the State Budget Commission for the period from the 1st day of September, 1933 to and including the 14th day of January, 1935, was fixed and controlled by the Lapsley-Lusk Bill (Gen. Acts 1933, Ex.Sess., p. 124), enacted pursuant to said Sparks Amendment to the Constitution of Alabama (Article 24 of the Constitution of Alabama).
"It is, Therefore, Considered, Ordered, Adjudged and Decreed by the Court that the Sparks Amendment (Article 24) to the Constitution of Alabama is a valid part of the Constitution of this State and that the Lapsley-Lusk Bill (Gen.Acts 1933, Ex.Sess., p. 124) is a valid and constitutional enactment and that the salary of the petitioner as Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries, and as ex officio member of the State Budget Commission of Alabama for the period from the 1st day of September 1933, to and including the 14th day of January, 1935, is fixed and controlled by the said Sparks Amendment and Lapsley-Lusk Bill, and that the petitioner is not entitled to any compensation or salary from the State of Alabama other than that which has already been paid to him."
The respondents as comptroller and as Attorney General of Alabama for answer to the contentions of petitioner, which are fully stated in paragraphs one to three inclusive of the bill of complaint, among other things state the following:
"* * *; and respondents further admit the allegation of said paragraph that a majority of the voters who participated in an election held on July 18, 1933, voted in favor of the so-called Sparks Amendment to the Constitution, but respondents specifically deny the allegation contained in said paragraph that 'no valid constitutional amendment was ratified putting into effect the said part of the Lapsley-Lusk bill making said bill effective insofar as *200 petitioner is concerned,' and respondents allege that the so-called Sparks Amendment was legally and validly enacted, ratified and adopted in all respects in accordance with Section 284 of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, in that, the requirement of three readings in each House of proposed amendments was not intended to exact such six readings of a proposed amendment in haec verba in both Houses so as to exclude the right of either House, during the course of legislative procedure, to amend the proposed amendment for the purpose of perfecting the same and to insure that it will harmonize with the judgment of the requisite majority of the two bodies, and that said Sparks Amendment when so enacted, ratified and adopted, made effective that portion of the Lapsley-Lusk bill which made the same applicable and effective insofar as petitioner was concerned.
"* * * for further answer to said first paragraph allege and say that said Sparks Amendment was legally and constitutionally enacted in that it was, in all respects, passed and adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 284 of the Constitution of Alabama and of the other provisions thereof appertaining thereto.
"* * * and for further answer to said paragraph, respondents allege and say that the said Lapsley-Lusk Act is not invalid and unconstitutional under Section 281 of the Constitution of the State of Alabama insofar as it relates to the reduction of petitioner's compensation during his term of office, in that the said provisions of said Lapsley-Lusk Act were validly and constitutionally enacted under and by virtue of authority of the so-called Sparks Amendment, proclaimed ratified August 2, 1933, which said amendment was in all respects legally, validly and constitutionally enacted, adopted and ratified in conformity to Section 284 of the Constitution of Alabama and the other sections thereof appertaining thereto."
Several pertinent propositions of law have been established in this jurisdiction. In Houston County et al. v. Martin,
It is insisted here that a city or municipal corporation is not a subdivision of the state to be included in an amendment by the Senate to the Sparks amendment as it was originally passed by the House. Were the words "state or any subdivision thereof", as used in the original bill, sufficient to support an amendment in the Senate reading "State or any County or Municipality thereof"?
The purpose of the constitutional amendment in question was to authorize the Legislature to repeal constitutional limitations so as to reduce the salaries or compensation of state officers so as to avoid further tax levies and a deficit in the state treasury. Gen.Acts 1933, Ex.Sess., pp. 46 to 48 (Amend. 26A); Const. 1901, §§ 22, 150, 281 and 284.
It has been declared that such was the history of the Sparks amendment and the purpose therefor is set out in Houston County v. Martin, supra.
Whether the organic law has been effectually amended is a judicial question. State ex rel. Garrow et al. v. Grayson,
Under Sections 284-287, inclusive, of the Constitution, it is not essential that the Legislative Journals affirmatively show that the required three readings of the proposed amendment were had in haec verba in both houses. Jones v. McDade,
It is further declared by this Court that bills proposing amendments to the Constitution may be duly amended in substance and in legal effect as a "legislative detail" during the course of the legislative procedure for the purpose of desired perfection and harmony to meet the effective purpose of the enactment within the rules that obtain in such matters. In re Opinions of the Justices,
It follows that a substantial and legally efficient compliance with the constitutional requirements of Section 284 of the Constitution, as to "legislative details", necessary in amendments of the organic *201
law is sufficient. Doody v. State ex rel. Mobile County,
In Doody v. State ex rel. Mobile County,
We will permit the learned counsel for appellant to state the question presented for decision and insisted upon in argument substantially as follows:
This case involves the question of whether or not the Sparks amendment to the Constitution of Alabama, Article XXIV, was constitutionally adopted, in addition to the question of whether or not the Constitution may be suspended, as suggested in the case of Houston County v. Martin,
The petition avers that Mr. Storrs was Commissioner of Agriculture from January 1931 to 1935, and that on account of the enactment of the Lapsley-Lusk Bill, Gen.Acts 1933, Ex.Sess., p. 124, and the ratification of the Sparks amendment, Article XXIV of the Constitution, he was deprived of a part of his salary or compensation in the amount of $2,199.95. Petitioner avers that the Sparks amendment to the Constitution was illegally adopted, and was not in accordance with Section 284 of the Constitution in that the amendment, as voted on bythe people, was not read at length on three separate days ineach House of the Legislature.
The Sparks amendment, which was House Bill 1 of the 1933 Special Session of the Legislature [Gen.Acts 1933, Ex.Sess., p. 46], was passed by the House of Representatives in the following language: "Article XXIV. All provisions of the Constitution, which prohibit the Legislature from reducing, decreasing, or diminishing the salary, fees, or compensation of any executive, legislative or judicial officer, whether elected or appointed, of this State, or any subdivision thereof, during the term for which he shall have been elected or appointed, are hereby suspended until October 1, 1935. Until October 1, 1935, the Legislature shall have the power and authority to reduce the salary, fees or compensation of any officer during his term of office. Any law heretofore adopted by the Legislature reducing the salary, fees or compensation of any office, effective by its terms, after the expiration of the present term of such office shall, by virtue hereto, be effective during the current term of the office affected from and after the first day of the month next succeeding the date of ratification of this amendment." (House Journal, 1933, p. 184).
The proposed amendment to the Constitution was sent to the Senate by the House, with a message from the House, as shown by Senate Journal, page 144, 145. On page 146 of the Senate Journal, House Bill No. 1 was read the first time and referred to the Committee on Constitution, Constitutional Revisions and Amendments. On page 148 of the Senate Journal, Mr. Hildreth reported for the committee House Bill No. 1 without recommendations, Mr. Hildreth being the Chairman of the Committee on Constitution, Constitutional Revisions and Amendments. The bill was read a second time at length and placed upon the calendar. On page 211 of the Senate Journal, House Bill No. 1 was taken up, the Journal reciting:
"The bill:
"H. 1. To propose an amendment to the Constitution of Alabama, to be known as Article XXIV, providing that all provisions of the Constitution which prohibit the Legislature from reducing the salary, fees, or compensation of any executive, legislative, or judicial officer of the State, or of any subdivision thereof, whether elected or appointed, during his term of office, shall be suspended until October 1, 1935; to empower the Legislature to reduce salary, fees, or compensation during the term of office of any officer, and to make effective any law, heretofore adopted *202 by the Legislature reducing the salary, fees, or compensation of any office, on the first day of the month next succeeding the date of ratification of this amendment.
"Was taken up.
"Mr. Teasley moved that further consideration of said bill be postponed until the next Legislative Day.
"Mr. McDowell moved to lay the motion to postpone on the table, which motion was lost.
"Yeas, 14; nays, 18.
"(And here the yea and nay roll call is set out)
"The motion of Mr. Teasley to postpone consideration until the next Legislative Day then prevailed and said bill was so postponed."
On the next legislative day House Bill No. 1 was called up (page 232 of the Journal) and Senator Lapsley offered a substitute, which is printed in the Journal. On motion of Senator McDowell (page 255) 500 copies were ordered printed of the substitute, and the consideration was continued to the twelfth legislative day. On the twelfth legislative day the bill was acted upon (page 404 of the Journal) and after amendments were offered to the Lapsley substitute, some of which were adopted and some were not. It is noted that on page 409 of the Senate Journal the following appears:
"Mr. Hildreth offered the following amendment to said substitute towit:
"Amend the Lapsley substitute for House Bill No. 1 as follows:
"1. Strike out the following in the caption to said Substitute and also wherever the same appears in the body of said substitute, viz: 'And under the authority of this amendment may continue in force until October 1, 1935, after which time any such Act shall be subject to the provisions of said Constitution in force and effect prior to the adoption of this amendment"
"2. Add the following to Section 3 of said substitute, viz:
" 'Yes ( )
" 'No ( )'
"3. Strike out the following in the caption and body of said substitute in the 7th and 8th line of the second paragraph of the proposed amendment as shown in the substitute for House Bill No. 1 viz;
" 'as herein afterwards authorized', and also strike out the word 'An' after the word 'adopt' in said line eight of said second paragraph, and insert in lieu thereof the following 'any other'
"Which was adopted.
"Mr. Craft offered the following amendment to said substitute, towit:
"Amend Lapsley Substitute for House Bill No. 1 by adding the word 'general' between the first and second words of the second and third paragraphs of the proposed amendment wherever same appears in said Act or in the caption thereof.
"And said amendment was lost."
On the same day the bill was finally passed by the Senate (Senate Journal p. 419), the form in which it passed the Senate being identical with the form of the amendment as it now appears in the Constitution.
When the amendment reached the House (page 643 House Journal) on motion of Mr. Sparks the Senate amendments were concurred in by the House on the same legislative day that the Senate message was received. Such is the legislative history of this amendment.
The differences in the amendment as it originally passed the House and as it finally passed the Senate are substantially as follows: and as presented by the State's counsel (General Acts 1933, Extra Session, pp. 46-48):
Present Constitutional "Original Bill Section.
"All provisions of the "All provisions of the Constitution which prohibit Constitution which prohibit the Legislature from reducing, or restrict the Legislature decreasing, or diminishing the from decreasing or diminishing salary, fees, or compensation the salary, fees or of any executive, legislative, compensation of any executive, or judicial officer, whether legislative or judicial elected or appointed, of this officer or of any publicState, or any subdivision officer or of any officer thereof, during the term for holding any civil office of which he shall have been profit under this State or any elected or appointed, are County or Municipality hereby suspended until October thereof, whether elected or 1, 1935. Until October 1, 1935, appointed, during the term forthe Legislature shall have the which he shall have beenpower and authority to reduce elected or appointed arethe salary, fees, or hereby suspended untilcompensation of any officer October 1, 1935. during histerm of office. "Provided that from and after the first day of the month next succeeding the date of the ratification and adoption of this amendment no salary, compensation, fees or commissions paid to any officer under the *203 State or any County or Municipality thereof, shall exceed the sum of Six Thousand Dollars per annum. Said limitation of $6000.00 to be inoperative after October 1, 1935.
"Any law heretofore adopted "Any Act of the Legislature by the Legislature reducing heretofore adopted decreasing the salary, fees, or or diminishing the salary, compensation of any office, fees or compensation of any effective by its terms, such officer or officers, after the expiration of the and which by its terms is to present term of such office, become effective after the shall, by virtue hereof, be expiration of the present effective during the current term of any such officer or term of the office affected officers, shall, by virtue from and after the first day hereof, become effective from of the month next succeeding and after the first day of the the date of ratification of month next succeeding the date this amendment." of the ratification and adoption of this amendment; Provided, however, that should the Legislature adopt any other Act or Acts decreasing or diminishing the salary, fees or compensation of any such officer or officers during the term for which such officer or officers may have been elected or appointed in a larger amount, such subsequent Act or Acts shall control. Any other Act of the Legislature adopted prior to October 1, 1935, decreasing or diminishing the salary, fees or compensation of any such officer or officers, during the term for which such officer or officers may have been elected or appointed, shall be effective from and after the first day of the month next succeeding the date of the ratification and adoption of this amendment, or from and after the adoption by the Legislature of any such Act decreasing or diminishing the salary, fees or compensation of such officer or officers." (Italics supplied.)
When this amendment was adopted the salaries and compensation of civil offices were protected in the extent indicated in Section 281 of the Constitution and Section 284 of the Constitution, which provided for amendment of the Constitution, and was construed in Jones v. McDade, supra; Opinions of the Justices, supra; Doody v. State ex rel. Mobile County, supra.
The question for decision is whether or not the changes made on the legislative passage of the instant bill proposing the constitutional amendment were such a departure from the subject and purpose of the proposed amendment, as originally introduced, and as passed, as to come within the recent announcements in Opinions of the Justices,
It should be said of Jones v. McDade,
The Court said of that amendment, it was proposed through a bill introduced in the House, read and referred to the Committee on Local Legislation, and "That this committee reported it favorably; and on second reading the bill was placed on the calendar. On January 26, 1915, the bill came on for third reading. A substitute was offered, and adopted by yea and nay vote in the House, and the substitute was passed, having been read at length (House Journal, pp. 575-581); and thereupon the substitute was sent to the Senate, where it was read at length on three several days and passed." *204
It will be noted that the substitute adopted was not read in the house in which the bill originated on three several days.
The Opinions of the Justices,
"The amendment to the proposed amendment would destroy the existing system of taxation — effecting a revision directly or by necessary implication of sections 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, and 260 of the Constitution, and probably others — and thus become the major subject and purpose of the proposed amendment, an operation affecting the life of the state, foreign to the subject of the original proposed amendment, which was to be temporary of purpose and effect — to meet the state's existing financial obligations.
"This amendment was too drastic to come within the protection of the stated principle that proposed amendments may be amended during the course of the legislative procedure for the purpose of perfecting the same and to harmonize with the judgment of the requisite majority of the two bodies.
"It may be noted here that an examination of the legislative journals (House Journal 1915, pp. 306, 307-517) discloses that there was no departure from the subject and purpose of the proposed amendment considered in Jones et al. v. McDade, supra, and the decision in that case does not sustain the course of procedure in the matter under consideration."
That was a material amendment made on the passage of the proposed amendment and is distinguishable from the amendments considered in Jones v. McDade, supra, and in the instant case.
Under the prerogative right cases the distinction is made between the state and county on the one hand as an involuntarycorporation and the municipality or city as a voluntary corporation on the other. This distinction is recognized in the enforcement of a preference as to payments from deposits of public funds in insolvent banks being liquidated. Montgomery v. City of Athens,
However, this line of cases is not important here, since this Court in Yeilding et al. v. State ex rel. Wilkinson,
"It is clear, however, that counties and cities are political subdivisions of the state, each created by the sovereign power of the state, in accordance with the sovereign will, and each exercising such power, and only such power, as is conferred upon it by law. Each is a creature of the statute, and the same power which can create, can abolish.
* * * * * *
"It is thus obvious that in the appointment and selection of appointees, agents, and officers in certain counties, and cities within such counties, and who may be paid out of the public funds of such counties and cities, the Legislature was dealing with but one subject, and that subject related to the administration of public affairs intrusted to its creatures, and over which it held the power to impose its sovereign will, in short, over which it had the power of life and death. In speaking to the said counties and cities through the act in question it spoke but one voice, and for one purpose; economy and efficiency in the administration of the affairs of the political entities which it had created.
"This being true, can it be said that the act impinges upon section 45 of the Constitution? We think not."
The amendment originally proposed, authorizing the issuance of interest bearing warrants for the payment of all past due state indebtedness outstanding in September, 1931, was condemned in the Opinion of the Justices,
In a word, the three amendments made to the Sparks amendment did not defeat it. (1) The change from "or any subdivision thereof" authorized the amendment to include "counties and municipalities." Yeilding v. State, supra; (2) the insertion of the provision that after adoption no salary etc., shall exceed $6,000 per annum, such limitation being inoperative after October 1, 1935, was a limitation of the power of the Legislature to fix any salary in excess of the named amount. Houston County v. Martin,
When we consider the history and the purpose of the Sparks Amendment, and the decisions we have cited, we hold that the instant amendment was in all respects duly, legally and constitutionally passed through both houses of the Legislature, and that it became and is a valid provision of the Constitution of Alabama. Doody v. State ex rel. Mobile County,
It results that the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.
Affirmed.
ANDERSON, C. J., and GARDNER, BOULDIN, FOSTER, and KNIGHT, JJ., concur.
BROWN, J., concurs in conclusion.
Concurrence Opinion
I concur in the result of this case solely on the ground that under the provisions of Section XXVI, relating to "State Debts," original Section 213 as amended (Skinner's Alabama Constitution Annotated, p. 987), makes the question stated in the majority opinion moot. Under the amendment, whether the "Sparks Suspension" is valid or void, the right of the petitioner Storrs to recover is foreclosed by the provisions that: "In case there is, at the end of any fiscal year, insufficient money in the State Treasury for the payment of all proper claims presented to the State Comptroller for the issuance of warrants, the Comptroller shall issue warrants for that proportion of each such claim which the money available for the payment of all of said claims bears to the whole, and such warrants for such prorated sums shall thereupon be paid by the State Treasurer. At the end of each fiscal year all unpaid appropriations which exceed the amount of money in the State Treasury subject to the payment of the same after the proration above provided for, shall thereupon become null and void to the extent of such excess. * *." (Italics supplied.)
I am of the opinion that the Legislature did not comply with Section 284 of the Constitution in proposing the amendment, that the paper finally adopted was a radical departure in some respects from the original proposal, and was not read on three separate days in each house.
BOULDIN, J., concurs in the holding that the question is moot. Under Amendment XXVI there cannot exist any outstanding debts of this sort. *206
