129 P. 340 | Idaho | 1912
— This is an appeal from three judgments of dismissal which were entered upon sustaining demurrers of the three defendants, Barton, Chainey and Scott, they being the only defendants who appeared in the action. General demurrers were filed to the complaint by Chainey and Scott and the demurrer of Barton was based on an additional ground, to wit, that the action was barred by the statute of limitations and that the complaint was ambiguous and uncertain.
It is alleged that said corporation is indebted to numerous individuals and corporations in the sum of $40,000; that the corporation is insolvent and unable to meet its indebtedness; that said corporation ceased to do business on or about July 15, 1910, and at said time converted all of its business ana property into cash and paid the proceeds thereof pro rata among its creditors; that said corporation has not elected any officers since said time and has not operated under its franchise as a corporation since that date, and that said corporation has abandoned the business for which it was incorporated, and to all intents and purposes is entirely broken up and dissolved, and that there is no property or assets of said corporation out of which the creditors can be paid; that in February, 1912, said receiver made application to the proper court and was granted the right to bring this suit against the above-named defendants for the recovery of dividends alleged to have been illegally paid to them out of the capital stock of said corporation. Then follow allegations of the annual meeting of the stockholders of said company and of the directors, and that on January 14, 1908, said directors at a meeting of the board of directors of said company declared and ordered paid a dividend of ten per cent on the capital stock of said company; that the dividend so declared amounted to the sum of $3,895; that no part of said dividend was paid from the surplus profits arising from the business of said company, and at the time said dividend was declared and paid there were no surplus profits of said corporation, and that all of said dividend was paid out of the capital stock of the corporation; that said dividend was paid under the administration of said defendants as directors of said
This action is evidently brought under the provisions of sec. 2732, Rev. Codes, which section is as follows:
“The directors of corporations must not make dividends, except from the surplus profits arising from the business thereof; nor must they divide, withdraw, or pay to the stockholders, or any of them, any part of the capital stock; nor must they reduce or increase the capital stock, except as in this title specially provided. For a violation of the provisions of this section, the directors, under whose administration the same may have occurred (except those who may have caused their dissent therefrom to be entered at large in the minutes of the directors at the time, or, when not present, when the same did occur) are, in their individual and private capacity, jointly and severally liable to the corporation, and to the creditors thereof, in the event of dissolution, to the full amount of the capital stock so divided, withdrawn, paid out or reduced. There may, however, be a division and distribution of the capital stock of any corporation which remains after the payment of all ifs debts-, upon its dissolution or the expiration of its term of existence.”
It is contended by counsel for respondents that the action of the trial court was not error for the following, among other, reasons: (1) That the complaint does not show that said corporation has been legally dissolved so as to make these directors liable; (2) That the complaint shows on its face that the statute of limitations has run against the action; (3) That the complaint does not show in what manner the property of the company was converted into cash at the time it is alleged to have ceased business in July, 1910.
(1) Counsel for respondents contend that this action could not be maintained until the corporation had been legally dissolved, as said section of the statute provides that the directors are only liable under the provisions of said section in event of dissolution and that the only way a corporation can be dissolved under our statute is provided by sec. 5185, Rev. Codes, which provides that a corporation may be dissolved by the district court of the county where its office or principal place of business is situated, upon its voluntary application for that purpose. See. 5186 provides what the application must contain, and is to the effect that the application must be in writing and must set forth that at a meeting of the stockholders or members called for that purpose, the dissolution of the corporation was resolved upon by a two-thirds vote of all the stockholders or members, and that all claims or demands against the corporation have been satisfied and discharged. It will be observed from the provisions of said sections that a voluntary dissolution could not be had unless brought about by the stockholders themselves, and if it would take a voluntary dissolution to fix the liability of such stockholders, they certainly would not apply to the court for such dissolution. That section of the statute seems very clear, as it provides that for a violation of its provisions certain directors therein named “are in their individual and private capa
In 10 Cyc. 723, it is stated as follows: “Statutes and constitutional provisions exist in many states, which in .various forms of expression, impose a liability upon shareholders to pay such debts of a corporation as may exist at the time of its dissolution. An examination of them will show that they generally predicate the right to proceed against the shareholders, upon the fact that the corporation becomes dissolved, leaving debts unpaid.....It is not necessary that the forfeiture and dissolution should have been declared by the judg
In McDonnell v. Alabama Life Ins. Co., supra, it is held that a corporation is dissolved within the meaning of the statute relating to the personal liability of stockholders when it makes an assignment for the benefit of its creditors or ceases to do business.
In High on Receivers, at sec. 250, the author is discussing the question as to whether certain setoffs are admissible as a defense in an action by a receiver to recover dividends which "have been illegally paid, and says:
“The foundation of the action being the illegal payment of dividends in fraud of the creditors, and the reparation sought being the restoration of the funds for the creditors’ benefit, the receiver is regarded as the representative of the creditors and not of the corporation, and hence the defense is unavailable.”
The action at bar is prosecuted by the receiver to recover dividends alleged to have been illegally paid, and the action is for the benefit of the creditors, and we have no doubt of the receiver’s right to maintain this action.
(2) Is this action barred by the statute of limitations 1
It is stated in 10 Oye., p. 1064, that knowledge of the corporate officer or agent will not be imputed to the corporation where the fact is one which the officer or agent is interested in concealing from it, except in eases where a contrary rule is necessary to save the rights of innocent third persons. Under the allegations of the complaint, it would be presumed that the directors, if they had declared and paid illegal dividends, were interested in concealing that fact, and no presumption can be drawn that the receiver or the creditors knew that fact, and it is alleged in the complaint that the creditors did not know of the illegal payment of dividends until March, 1911. It is the rule in actions of this character that the receiver represents the creditors and not the corporation. (High on Receivers, secs. 250, 314, 320 and 321.) It might be conceded in this proceeding that the action is barred as
(3) It is contended that it was necessary to allege in the complaint that at the time the dividend was declared the creditors were then creditors of the corporation. We cannot concede that contention. The statute makes the directors liable to all creditors — those who became creditors before such dividend is paid as well as those who became creditors afterward, if they declare a dividend out of the capital of the corporation and thus deprive the creditors of the payment of their debts.
In Woolverton v. Taylor, 132 Ill. 197, 22 Am. St. 521, 23 N. E. 1007, the court said: “The officers, if liable at all, are liable to all the creditors of the corporation, — those existing prior to the contract creating the excessive indebtedness, those whose debts are created thereby, and also those who may afterward become its creditors. As to the subsequent creditors, could it be said the cause of action accrued before they became creditors ? The action must be for their benefit, as well as that of all others, and yet they may not have become creditors of the corporation until more than five years after the first assenting to excessive indebtedness. ’ ’ (Nix v. Miller, 26 Colo. 203, 57 Pac. 1084; Patterson v. Stewart, 41 Minn. 84, 42 N. W. 926, 16 Am. St. 671, 4 L. R. A. 745; Low v. Buchanan, 94 Ill. 76.)
(4) The question is raised by respondent Scott that the complaint does not allege that at the time the dividends were declared and paid the corporation was insolvent, and for that reason does not state a cause of action against Scott. We are unable to concede that contention. It appears from the
It is also suggested that respondent Scott was not a director of nor in any way connected with the Winn-Barr-Chainey •Company at the time of the dissolution and was therefore nut liable. It does not matter whether a person is a director of :a corporation at the time of its dissolution in order to be held liable for dividends illegally paid to him. The statute makes :all of the directors liable who have received illegal dividends. If the law were otherwise, directors might declare and pay •dividends out of the capital stock for their own benefit and then dispose of their stock and thus avoid liability, regardless of the fact that they had received illegal dividends which had reduced the capital of the corporation.
In Swartley v. Oak etc. Co., 135 Iowa, 573, 113 N. W. 496, it was held that where a statute renders directors liable for declaring a dividend from its capital stock, it is not essential to a recovery against them that the assets of the corporation be first exhausted or even that its liability be first adjudicated.
It is also contended that the complaint did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action because it does not show that there were any legal, bona fide creditors or claims against said corporation. We think the complaint amply shows that said corporation had creditors and that there remained an indebtedness of about $40,000 unpaid. It is alleged in the complaint that said corporation is insolvent and unable to pay its indebtedness, or any part thereof. There is no merit in that contention. We are fully satisfied that