163 A. 754 | Pa. | 1932
Argued September 30, 1932. The executors' account in this estate showed a balance due to them. The auditing judge surcharged them in the sum of $23,000, which provided a balance for distribution among creditors. The court in banc sustained exceptions to the adjudication, struck down the surcharge *206 and confirmed the account as originally filed. The widow, who was also a creditor, prosecuted this appeal.
The essential facts are as follows: In 1905, testator took out two twenty-year profit-sharing endowment policies of insurance, aggregating $25,000. At that time they were made payable to his children should they survive him, but it was expressly provided therein that he had the right to change the beneficiaries. He subsequently exercised this reserved right by making his estate the beneficiary. As he survived the date of maturity, their then value, amounting together to $29,826.50, was paid to him. This money was his; his children had no claim on it, and so appellees admit. At that time he was solvent, but he was on the down grade financially, if not morally, and was, by various and devious methods, putting his assets out of his own name, though still belonging to him, in order that his wife, who had brought an action against him for divorce from bed and board, because of his misconduct, could not get any part of his estate. This is shown clearly by his own letters written at that time.
Of the $29,826.50, he used $9,826.50 in some unstated way, and disposed of the $20,000 as follows: He handed that amount to one of his daughters, together with a two-year note of his for $3,000, and received from her three two-year notes for $8,000, $8,000 and $7,000 respectively, without interest, drawn to his own order, but later endorsed, one each to each of his children. It is said he handed the $20,000 to the one daughter, because she "was contemplating the building of a home," but to what extent this was contemplated and whether or not it was ever built does not appear; nor is there any evidence, by any one present at the time, as to what occurred between testator and his daughter at the time the $20,000 was given to her.
Appellees frankly say: "On the question of the division of the proceeds of the life insurance policies and *207 the three notes, we have only the testimony of Walter A. Scott, the custodian," who was also testator's son-in-law, his business adviser in real estate matters, and one of his executors and trustees. He says testator handed the notes to him, said they were "his own, when he turned them all over" to the witness, and asked him to act "as custodian, indefinitely; . . . . . . there was nothing said about delivery . . . . . . at any time," he never directed their delivery, nor was the witness "told not to deliver" them. He further says testator told him, however, that the $23,000 was "part of the proceeds of his policy [of insurance as above set forth] of which his children were the beneficiaries . . . . . . and that he intended the money to go to them," "he felt it belonged to them." It was not said that he ever carried this intention into effect, but the witness says testator told him to give the notes "to the respective ones" presumably the endorsees; but when or under what circumstances they were to be given was not stated; and, since the witness also said that testator never directed their delivery, and nothing was said about delivery at any time, what he did say was necessarily but the expression of an intention to give in the future, not a present gift.
The witness further said that at the time testator handed to the daughter the $20,000 and a note for $3,000, to make up the difference between the $23,000 of notes given by her and the $20,000 she received, "in lieu of that [i. e., grammatically, of the $3,000 note, but probably meaning the entire transaction, the daughter] turned over the rents on the Callowhill Street property [belonging to her] to him and instructed us [the witness's business firm] to pay it to him; there was no definite time set; I imagined at the time it was possibly for the duration of these notes, but there was nothing mentioned."
When the notes matured at the expiration of two years, nothing was said about them. They remained in the custody of the witness, the endorsees did not demand them from the witness, and the net rents of the Callowhill *208 Street property were paid to testator as theretofore. This continued until he died three years later. The excuse given by the witness as to why the matter was not closed out at the expiration of the two-year term, is because "the transaction was not entirely settled," in that it was not convenient for testator to pay his $3,000 note, nor for the daughter to pay her $23,000 of notes. This, however, was a weak excuse and not a real reason. No inconvenience could possibly have arisen by settlement at that time. The witness had the $23,000 of notes given by the daughter to testator, and she had a $3,000 note given by him to her. The latter could have been cancelled by applying it as payment on account of the former, the credit, if necessary, being made on the note endorsed to this particular daughter, and the $8,000, $8,000 and $7,000 notes being then delivered to the particular endorsees.
Appellees attempt to get over these difficulties by saying that the son-in-law was to hold the notes for testator for life, with remainder to the endorsees. This is ingenious but lacks basis. There is no testimony from which such a conclusion could properly be drawn. The following question and answer is pointed out: "Q. Did Mr. Stewart [testator] give you any direction as to the delivery of the notes after the original delivery in 1925? A. That they should go to each one as they were made out to." He did not say when, and this testimony cannot possibly have the effect sought to be given to it, in view of the two immediately succeeding answers by the same witness: "Q. Were those notes discussed between you and [testator] subsequent to the delivery to you in 1925? A. He said that he had, that he [and his daughter] had signed the notes, and he came up to my house after that and turned them over to me. Q. Did you discuss the notes after that, after they were turned over to you? A. No, sir." And again: "A. He gave them to me as custodian, indefinitely. Q. No time was set? A. No. Q. Therefore, there was nothing said about delivery? *209 A. No. Q. At any time; is that right? A. Yes, sir."
We have gone over the testimony of this one witness again and again, in view of appellees' statement that it is their sole reliance for proof of a consummated gift, and can only conclude that it is to no small degree tinctured by the witness's interest; that he is interpreting testator's statement that he "intended" to give these notes to his children to mean that he then and there did give them, although he never actually did; and that he, the witness, feels bound to carry out that intent, because he believes the testator would wish it, were he now here. And we are clear, also, that this plan, evolved by testator, was one of the ways adopted by him to hinder his creditors, of whom there were many, from getting any part of his estate, despite his legal duty to be just before he is generous.
The authorities upon the question involved are clear. In Campbell's Est.,
In Clapper v. Frederick,
The language in Corpus Juris, in the place last referred to, is as follows: "An unexecuted gift is revoked by the death of the donor. Thus, where a donor delivers property to a third person for the donee, with authority to deliver it to the latter, until the authority is executed and the article delivered, such depositary is the agent of the donor, and the latter may revoke the gift and reclaim the property, and where such delivery does not take place in the donor's lifetime, his death revokes the agency, and no delivery thereafter is valid." Admittedly that is the exact situation here.
In the present case the son-in-law, who had possession of the notes, was unquestionably acting for testator, at least in part, whether he was or was not acting for the endorsees. He nowhere clearly avers he was acting for them also, but, assuming that he was, then, under the authorities cited, — to which may be added Sears v. Scranton Trust Co.,
We have not overlooked the case of Yeager's Est.,
The decree of the court below is reversed and the adjudication of the auditing judge is confirmed.