110 N.C. App. 655 | N.C. Ct. App. | 1993
The decisive question on appeal is were plaintiff’s claims for alimony and equitable distribution barred by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 5041(a) when plaintiff took a voluntary dismissal of those claims after judgment of divorce had been entered, but thereafter filed a second action for alimony and equitable distribution.
Subject to certain exceptions, “[a]fter a judgment of divorce from the bonds of matrimony, all rights arising out of the marriage shall cease and determine . . . .” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-11(a) (1987 & Cum. Supp. 1992). A spouse’s right to equitable distribution and alimony are among the rights which are lost after divorce. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-11(e) (1987 & Cum. Supp. 1992); Haynes v. Haynes, 45 N.C. App. 376, 380, 263 S.E.2d 783, 786 (1980). However, a spouse may preserve the right to equitable distribution if “the right is asserted prior to judgment of absolute divorce,” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-11(e) (1987 & Cum. Supp. 1992), and, at the time judgment of divorce was entered in this case, as long as the dependent spouse had a claim for alimony pending when the judgment of divorce was entered, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-19(c) preserved the right to receive alimony. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 5049(c) (1987) (repealed, effective Oct. 1991). Plaintiff argues that because her original claims for alimony and equitable distribution were pending when judgment of divorce was entered, Rule 41(a) allows her one year to file a second action after dismissal even though that year is after entry of judgment of divorce. We disagree.
N.C.R. Civ. P. 41(a) allows a party one year to file a second action after a voluntary dismissal even if the second filing falls
Plaintiffs original claims for equitable distribution and alimony were pending when the judgment of divorce was entered, and therefore, G.S. §§ 50-lRe) and 5949(c) preserved plaintiff’s rights which were asserted in those claims. However, the claims which plaintiff pursues now are not the claims which were pending when judgment of divorce was entered. When plaintiff voluntarily dismissed the original claims, they terminated and no suit was pending thereafter in which the court could enter an order. Collins v. Collins, 18 N.C. App. 45, 196 S.E.2d 282 (1973).
We read G.S. §§ 5041(e) and 5049(c) as preserving only the claims for equitable distribution and alimony which were actually pending when the judgment of divorce was entered. Because these second claims were not pending at the time judgment of divorce was entered they were not preserved by G.S. §§ 5041(e) and 5049(c) and are therefore barred by G.S. § 5041(a).
We note that the equities weigh in favor of this decision. After divorce, if no claim for alimony or equitable distribution is pending, the monetary and property concerns of the divorce should be laid to rest. The parties should be able to freely dispose of property without the fear that one spouse may file another claim for equitable distribution. Confusion and danger surrounding property transactions with third parties is also minimized by this decision.
