141 Ga. 82 | Ga. | 1913
The Court of Appeals has certified to the Supremé Court the following question, a decision of which is found by that court to be necessary to a determination of the ease: “Is the fact that a petit juror in a criminal case is over sixty years of age ground of peremptory challenge? In this connection attention is especially called to the following decisions of the Supreme Court (as well as to other rulings of the Supreme Court on the same subject), with the request that this court be 'advised whether there is any irreconcilable conflict in these decisions, and, if so, which of them states the correct rule that should be followed: Cohron v. State, 20 Ga. 760; Thomas v. State, 27 Ga. 287; Burroughs v. State, 33 Ga. 408; Doyal v. State, 70 Ga. 142; Carter v. State, 75 Ga. 750.”
In regard to the empaneling of a jury to try one indicted for a felony, the Penal Code (1910)', § 999, declares: “On calling each juror, he shall be presented to the accused in such a manner, that he can distinctly see him, and then the State, or the accused, may make either of the following objections, viz.:
“1. That he is not a citizen, resident in the county.
“2. That he is over sixty or under twenty-one years of age.
“3. That he is an idiot or lunatic, or intoxicated.
“4. That he is so near of kindred to the prosecutor, or the accused, or the deceased, as to disqualify him by law from serving on the jury.”
This section is a codification of the act of 1856 (Acts of 1855-6, p. 229), and was embodied in the Code of 1863 and all subsequent codes, of which those of 1863, 1895, and 1910 were adopted by the General Assembly. The constitution of 1868, article 5, section 13, in effect, abolished the distinction between grand and petit jurors, making the only qualification of a juror that he be an upright and intelligent person; and the act of 1869 (Acts 1869, pp. 139, 140), to carry into effect the provision of that constitution^ prescribed no other qualification for jurors than that named in the constitution, but provided for the mode and manner in which jury-boxes should be made up. So at that time “the law did not disqualify a person over sixty years of age from serving on the
It is clear that there is an irreconcilable conflict between the act of 1856, embodied in the Penal Code (1910), § 999, making the fact that a juror is over sixty years of age cause for challenge, and the later acts above referred to, embraced in the Penal Code (1910), sections 871, 819, 820, to the effect that a juror over sixty years of age may claim exemption from jury service but is not disqualified from performing such service. The question therefore arises, what is the law as to the matter contained in the conflicting sections of the code? Other courts have adopted different methods for arriving at the intention of the legislature in such a case, or in determin
In view of what we have said and the ruling made, it may not be necessary to answer the remaining portion of the question propounded by the Court of Appeals, that is, whether there is Sany irreconcilable conflict in the decisions referred to in the question, and, if so, which shall prevail. However, we will examine such cases. In Cohron v. State, 20 Ga. 752, a ground of the motion for