State v. WrightState v. Wright
- Reporters:
- , , ,
- Before:
- Gilbertson
[¶ 1.] Brian Wright attacks the validity of his guilty plea following an arraignment in which he was not advised of the mandatory minimum sentence as required by
FACTS
[¶2.] Wright, his wife and four stepchildren lived in Rapid City, South Dakota. On September 13, 2007, Wright’s wife, B.W., found Wright naked in bed with her nine-year-old daughter, A.M., who was masturbating Wright. B.W. immediately reported the matter to law enforcement. Wright was arrested and later indicted for one count of sexual contact with a child under age sixteen. The State also filed a part two habitual offender information alleging that Wright had four prior felony convictions.
[¶ 3.] Wright was arraigned on October 22, 2007. He was advised of the charge, his rights, and the available pleas and their consequences. He was also advised of the part two information and its impact on the maximum penalty he faced. However, Wright was not advised of any applicable mandatory minimum sentence. The trial court did advise Wright of the potential for payment of costs and restitution if he was found guilty. As to the advisements given by the trial court, Counsel for Wright indicated he had discussed the same matters with Wright and believed Wright understood them. Following the trial court’s advisements, Wright entered a not guilty plea to the sexual contact charge and denied the allegations of the habitual offender information.
[¶ 4.] A plea bargain was subsequently reached that involved Wright’s guilty plea to the sexual contact charge and his admission to the part two information. In exchange, the State agreed not to file additional sexual contact and first degree rape charges for other incidents of abuse involving A.M. in both Pennington and Meade County. In addition, Wright agreed to admit a probation violation relating to a prior conviction for passing a check against insufficient funds. Finally, Wright agreed to obtain a sexual offender evaluation, follow its recommendations, and pay certain costs and restitution. Both the prosecution and defense remained free to comment at sentencing.
[¶ 5.] Defense counsel advised the trial court of the contents of the plea bargain at a change-of-plea hearing on November 30, 2007. The court informed Wright of the consequences of a guilty plea and the maximum possible penalty he faced, but he was not advised of the mandatory minimum penalty. After confirming that his plea was a free and voluntary act, Wright pleaded guilty to the sexual contact charge and provided a factual basis for the plea. Wright also admitted the allegations of the part two habitual offender information.
[¶ 6.] Wright was sentenced on January 23, 2008, to fifty years in the penitentiary plus costs and restitution. He appeals, attacking the validity of his plea, arguing that failure to advise him of the applicable mandatory minimum penalty renders the plea invalid and requires reversal of his conviction and a remand so that he may withdraw his plea.
ISSUE
[¶ 7.] Whether Wright should be allowed to withdraw his guilty plea.
*277
[¶ 8.] Wright pleaded guilty to sexual contact with a child under sixteen in violation of
[¶ 9.]
Before accepting a plea of guilty or nolo contendere a court must address the defendant personally in open court, subject to the exception stated in § 23A-7-5, and inform him of, and determine that he understands, the following:
(1) The nature of the charge to which the plea is offered, the mandatory minimum penalty provided by law, if any, and the maximum possible penalty provided by law[.]
[¶ 10.] Wright never raised this issue before the trial court and never sought to withdraw his plea before that court. Thus, the error in failing to advise of the mandatory minimum penalty under
UnderSDCL 23A-7-4(l) the trial court has the duty to inform a defendant of the mandatory minimum penalty and the maximum possible penalty. The importance of advising a defendant of the minimum penalty cannot be denied since a mandatory minimum penalty is an absolute while a maximum penalty is only a possibility. Here the record is clear that the trial court did not advise Richards of the mandatory minimum sentence according to the dictates ofSDCL 23A-7-4(l) . Consequently, the record does not indicate that Richards understood the nature and consequences of his plea. The interests of justice require that Richards be allowed to withdraw his plea.
Richards, 2002 SD 18, ¶ 15, 640 N.W.2d at 483 (citation omitted). Notably, two members of the Court dissented because Richards failed to establish prejudice. Id. at ¶ 21, 640 N.W.2d at 484 (Gilbertson, C.J. and Konenkamp, J., dissenting).
*278 [¶ 11.] Furthermore, Richards was revisited in Brakeall v. Weber, 2003 SD 90, 668 N.W.2d 79. In that case, a habeas corpus petitioner alleged his guilty pleas to multiple counts of rape and sexual contact with a minor were invalid because the trial court failed to advise him of the mandatory minimum penalties for his offenses. This Court held that failure to advise of the mandatory mínimums was not a constitutional defect entitling the petitioner to ha-beas relief and was not within the scope of habeas review. The Court also offered the following additional analysis regarding a defendant’s obligation to establish prejudice in a collateral attack on a guilty plea following a Rule 11 violation:
Furthermore, even if habeas review were appropriate in order to collaterally attack his plea Brakeall is required to demonstrate prejudice resulting from the trial court’s failure to comply with Rule 11. See United States v. Timmreck, 441 U.S. 780, 99 S.Ct. 2085, 60 L.Ed.2d 634 (1979) (holding collateral relief not available to defendant who shows only violation of formal requirements of Rule 11 and no prejudice). Here, not one but two habeas courts have found that Brakeall did not suffer prejudice as a result of the trial court’s failure to advise of the mandatory minimums. The findings demonstrate that Brakeall was aware he faced a sentence in the double digits; Brakeall intended to plead guilty from the beginning of the case; and, based upon Brakeall’s statements at sentencing and counsel’s comments, the trial court’s advisement of the mandatory minimum would not have made a difference in the decision to plead guilty. Those findings are not clearly erroneous on this record. As a result, Brakeall has not met his burden and the writ of habeas corpus relating to this issue was properly denied.
Brakeall, 2003 SD 90, ¶ 11, 668 N.W.2d at 83.
[¶ 12.] The Brakeall requirement of prejudice was not a clear overruling of Richards because Brakeall was a habeas corpus case and Brakeall made clear that notwithstanding Richards, relief could not be granted in a collateral attack on a guilty plea for failure to comply with Rule 11 absent a showing of prejudice by the petitioner. See Brakeall, 2003 SD 90, ¶ 10, 668 N.W.2d at 83 (quoting Richards, 2002 SD 18, ¶ 11, 640 N.W.2d at 482, n. 1). Nevertheless, our Brakeall requirement of prejudice is consistent with the post-Richards decision of the United States Supreme Court in a direct appeal involving the failure to give Rule 11 warnings. See United States v. Dominguez Benitez, 542 U.S. 74, 124 S.Ct. 2333, 159 L.Ed.2d 157 (2004).
[¶ 13.] In
Dominguez Benitez,
the district court accepted a guilty plea after advising the defendant of all required Rule 11 warnings except that the defendant could not withdraw his plea if the court did not accept the sentencing recommendation. The defendant argued for the first time on direct appeal that the failure to provide him with the omitted warning required reversal. The court of appeals agreed, holding, like this Court in
Richards,
that the failure to provide a Rule 11 warning was plain error affecting the defendant’s substantial rights that required reversal in the interests of justice. The United States Supreme Court then granted certiorari on the question of “ ‘[wjhether, in order to show that a violation of
[A] defendant who seeks reversal of his conviction after a guilty plea, on the ground that the district court committed *279 plain error underRule 11 , must show a reasonable probability that, but for the error, he would not have entered the plea. A defendant must thus satisfy the judgment of the reviewing court, informed by the entire record, that the probability of a different result is “sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome” of the proceeding.
Id., 542 U.S. at 88, 124 S.Ct. at 2340 (citations omitted). In analyzing the record in Dominguez Benitez, the Supreme Court made the following observations:
[I]f it is reasonably probable [the defendant] would have gone to trial absent the error, it is no matter that the choice may have been foolish. The point, rather, is to enquire whether the omitted warning would have made the difference required by the standard of reasonable probability; it is hard to see here how the warning could have had an effect on Dominguez’s assessment of his strategic position.... [T]heRule 11 error made no difference to the outcome here.
Dominguez Benitez, 542 U.S. at 85, 124 S.Ct. at 2341. 3
[¶ 14.] Given this development of the law after
Richards
and, particularly, the decision in
Dominguez Benitez,
we overrule that portion of both
Nikolaev
and
Richards
implying or holding that any warning error under
[¶ 15.] Applying the Dominguez Benitez standards here, Wright neither argues nor shows that, but for the error in failing to warn him of the mandatory minimum penalty, he would not have entered *280 his guilty plea. On the contrary, a review of the entire record makes clear that omission of the warning could have had no effect on Wright’s assessment of his strategic position. This was not a case where Wright might reasonably have expected a suspension or sentence shorter than the ten year mandatory minimum sentence. The entire focus of Wright’s plea bargaining was on the maximum, not the minimum, sentence. Based upon his prior felony record and the warnings given by the trial court, Wright knew that, if he was convicted as charged, he faced a maximum possible penalty of fifty years in the penitentiary and a fine of $50,000. Through plea bargaining, he also knew that the State was prepared to file a number of additional felony charges against him for sexual abuse of the victim that, with his record, could have led to significantly more prison time including multiple life terms. Thus, the choice before Wright was clear, acceptance of a sure fifty year maximum sentence by pleading guilty or risking even more penitentiary time, and even a life sentence, by going to trial on multiple felony charges. In this calculation, Wright has not shown that an additional warning about the mandatory minimum sentence of ten years in the penitentiary would have resulted in a decision to go to trial.
[¶ 16.] Based upon the failure to argue or establish the prejudice necessary to show plain error, Wright was not entitled to withdraw his guilty plea for a
[¶ 17.] Affirmed.
[¶ 18.] GILBERTSON, Chief Justice, and SABERS, KONENKAMP, ZINTER and MEIERHENRY, Justices, participating.
Notes
.
. In our recent case State v. Apple, 2008 SD 120, 759 N.W.2d 283, 2008 WL 5256425 (Appeal # 24672), the defendant moved to withdraw his guilty plea. Furthermore, both parties in that litigation treated the advisement failure as an issue that had been preserved for appellate review. Therefore, we did not review that case under the plain error doctrine.
. The
Dominguez Benitez
analysis has recently been followed by the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals in determining whether other