OPINION
1 Frankie Arnold White appeals his third degree felony assault conviction, see Utah Code Ann. § 76-5-102 (2008); id. § 76-8-2083.1(1), (8)(b), (4)(b) (Supp. 2010), arguing that there was insufficient evidence to support the "substantial bodily injury" finding necessary for the assault conviction. We affirm.
BACKGROUND 1
2 On Monday, March 2, 2009, at approximately four o'clock in the afternoon, Dexter Moza Thomas, an African American man, boarded a northbound public transit train heading to the Gallivan Center station in Salt Lake City, Utah. White and his two cousins, Derringer Dade (Derringer) and Jamison Dade (Jamison), were already traveling on the train when Thomas boarded.
13 One of White's cousins approached Thomas on the train and asked, "Where do I know you from?" Thomas replied that they did not know each other. White's cousin insisted he knew Thomas from somewhere, and the inquiry persisted as Thomas, White, Derringer, and Jamison exited the train together at the Gallivan Center station. After Thomas responded again that he did not know White or his two cousins, White and Jamison walked away while Derringer remained by Thomas on the platform. Derringer grew irate, began cursing, shouted racial slurs, and accused Thomas of being part of a gang. Derringer began to ball up his fist as if to strike Thomas, at which time Thomas pushed Derringer away before he could throw a punch. Derringer fell off the platform and onto the ground. White and Jami-son then ran back to the platform "like a pack of wolves" and attacked Thomas, knocking him to the ground and repeatedly punching him in the face, head, and chest while shouting, "We're going to kill this nigger." After one or two minutes of fighting, police officers appeared and ended the altercation. Thomas, "shaking, ... disoriented, [and] upset," sustained a "small" laceration to his right temple that bled "significant[ly]" for under thirty minutes and left his face and hands covered in blood.
T4 In the meantime, White fled the scene, ignoring the commands of police officers to stop. He was quickly apprehended and taken into custody. White was charged with third degree felony assault, failure to stop at *596 the command of law enforcement, and criminal trespass.
T5 At trial, five months after the fight, Thomas testified as to how the fight unfolded and pointed out the "two or three inch[ ]" sear on his face that remained. The State also submitted into evidence two pictures of Thomas's injury taken thirty minutes after police broke up the fight. An eyewitness, Michael Geer, also testified, stating that he witnessed Jamison and Derringer yelling over the crowded train platform and running toward Thomas swinging their arms, as if punching. Geer testified that his view of White was obstructed and that he could not be sure if White participated in the fight at all. Officer Allison Peterson, who was on the platform at the time of the incident, testified that she observed White and his two cousins yelling, running, and subsequently punching Thomas. White testified in his own defense, explaining that he was not involved in the fight or name calling and that he merely walked, not ran, away from the scene because he was eager to get home and annoyed at Derringer's behavior in "fussing" with Thomas and the officers.
T6 White was convicted of third degree felony assault. See Utah Code Ann. § 76-5-102 (2008) (defining assault as a class A misdemeanor when it "causes substantial bodily injury"); id. § 76-8-208.1(1), (8)(b) (Supp. 2010) (enhancing class A misdemeanors committed "in concert with two or more persons" to third degree felonies). He was also convicted of failure to stop at the command of an officer. See id. § 76-8-305.5 (2008). White now appeals the assault conviction.
ISSUE AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
T7 White argues that there was insufficient evidence to support the assault conviction. Specifically, he argues that Thomas's injury does not constitute a "substantial bodily injury.
2
Because this is a challenge to the jury's factual finding, White "must marshal the evidence in support of the verdict and then demonstrate that the evidence is insufficient when viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict." State v. Boyd,
ANALYSIS
T8 The burden on the defendant in bringing a sufficiency claim is high. See State v. Gonzales,
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19 Here, White satisfied his marshaling burden by providing a detailed discussion of all of the evidence, including that "which supports the very findings [he] resists." Majestic,
T 10 Thus, finding Thomas's injury to constitute a "substantial bodily injury" was the trigger necessary to convict White for a class A misdemeanor assault, see id. § 76-5-102 (2008), and then to enhance that misdemean- or to a third degree felony by operation of the "in concert" enhancement provision, see id. § 76-8-208.1(1), (8)(b) (Supp. 2010). White challenges the sufficiency of the evidence presented to support the jury's finding that Thomas's injury-a laceration to the face-constituted a substantial bodily injury, see id. § 76-5-102(B8)(a) (2008). Here, the jury heard testimony from four witnesses: Geer, Thomas, Officer Peterson, and White. The jury instructions included information on how to weigh witness credibility, and both parties, in their closing statements, pointed out important considerations to weigh in deciding whom to believe. Based on the verdict, "[the jury, within its function as the arbiter of witness credibility, obviously elected to believe the version of the facts from" Thomas and Officer Peterson, rather than the testimonies of Geer and White. See Smith,
T11 Next, in deciding whether Thomas's injury constituted a "substantial bodily injury," the jury, relying on the testimonies of Thomas and Officer Peterson, had to consider whether a "small" facial laceration that bled significantly, continued to bleed for up to thirty minutes, and left a two to three inch sear visible at trial five months later constituted a "bodily injury ... that creates or causes protracted physical pain, temporary disfigurement, or temporary loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ." Utah Code Ann. § 76-1-601(12) (2008). Although, the sear from the laceration was still visible at trial, the prosecutor had to ask Thomas to specifically point it out to the jury, stating that it "may not be
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apparent" and may only be temporary.
6
The jury was also provided the legal definition of "substantial bodily injury" in the jury instructions. Evidence of "protracted physical pain" and "impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ" was not presented, leaving the jury to consider only whether the sear constituted a "temporary disfigurement."
7
Id. "Accordingly, considered from a perspective most advantageous to the verdict," see Smith,
CONCLUSION
[ 12 We hold that the jury was presented with sufficient evidence from which it could conclude that White committed an assault that resulted in substantial bodily injury. Therefore, we affirm.
1 13 WE CONCUR: CAROLYN B. McHUGH, Associate Presiding Judge, and WILLIAM A. THORNE JR., Judge.
Notes
. This being an appeal from a jury verdict, we recite the facts in a light most favorable to the verdict. See State v. Brown,
. White argues that we should apply a correctness standard of review as we would if reviewing a denial of a directed verdict motion, see State v. Hirschi,
. "Serious Bodily Injury" is defined as "bodily injury that creates or causes serious permanent disfigurement, protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ, or creates a substantial risk of death." Utah Code Ann. § 76-1-601(11) (2008).
. For instance, Thomas believed that only White and Jamison were punching him and that Derringer remained on the ground where he landed after being pushed. Officer Peterson, on the other hand, testified that all three men were punching Thomas.
. White argues that the pictures of Thomas's injury taken shortly after the fight unequivocally refute Thomas's description of the injury and scar. While the pictures could reasonably be construed to depict a minor injury, not only are we are unable to view the condition of Thomas's scar as it was presented to the jury, but we also consider the interpretation of the pictures and scar, and any comparisons to be made between the two, to be a factual matter best left to the jury. See State v. Boyd,
. White sought no instruction on the lesser included offense of class B misdemeanor assault requiring only simple bodily injury, see Utah Code Ann. § 76-5-102(1)-(2) (2008), and at oral argument argued that he was somehow precluded from seeking that instruction. White, however, was precluded from doing so only by his own theory of the case-that he was not involved in the fight. We therefore decline to address the issue.
. Because we decline to view this case as presenting a question of statutory interpretation, and because the statute itself does not define "temporary disfigurement," we give broad deference to the jury's common sense understanding of this phrase. See State v. Day,