118 P. 1020 | Or. | 1911
delivered the opinion of the court..
This is an appeal by the defendant from a judgment of conviction after a trial upon a plea of not guilty to a, charge which, omitting the formal parts, is in the following language:
*225 “Victor Townsend, the above-named defendant, is accused by the grand jury of the county of Union and State of Oregon, in this indictment, of the crime of selling intoxicating liquors, committed as follows: That said Victor Townsend, on the 23d day of May, A. D. 1910, in the county of Union and State of Oregon, did then and there wrongfully and unlawfully sell to one William Spencer one pint of intoxicating liquors, for which he then and there charged and received and accepted from him, the said William Spencer, the sum of thirty-five cents, lawful money of the United States of America, and that the sale of said intoxicating liquors was contrary to and in violation of an order of the county court of Union County, State of Oregon, duly made and entered on the 29th day of June, A. D. 1908, which said order absolutely prohibited the sale of intoxicating liquors in the whole of said Union County, State of Oregon, from, on, and after the 1st day of July, A. D. 1908, and which said order ever since has been and still is in full force and effect within the whole of said Union County, State of Oregon, and that the act of said defendant was and is contrary to the statutes in such cases made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the State of Oregon.”
A demurrer to the indictment, on the ground that it did not state facts sufficient to constitute a crime, was overruled, and it is contended that an error was thereby committed. Our local option law (Sections 4920-4937, L. O. L.), proposed by initiative petition and enacted by the voters of Oregon, June 6, 1904, though changed in some particulars to suit the title of courts and some other local conditions, was patterned after the law of Texas. Rev. Stat. Tex. 1895, §§3384-3399. In that state the commissioners’ court of each county, which tribunal appears to be equivalent to the county court in Oregon, of its own motion may, and when petitioned therefor must, order an election to be held by the qualified voters in such county, justice’s precinct, or subdivision of such county, or in any town or city, to determine whether or not the sale of intoxicating liquors shall be prohibited
“Said court shall hold a special session on the eleventh day after the holding of said election, or as soon thereafter as practicable, for the purpose of opening the polls and counting the votes; and if a majority of the votes are ‘for prohibition,’ the court shall immediately make an order declaring the result of said vote, and absolutely prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors within the prescribed limits, except for the purposes and under the regulations specified in this title, until such time as the qualified voters therein may at a legal election held for that purpose by a majority vote decide otherwise; and the order thus made shall be held to be prima facie evidence that all the provisions of law have been complied with in giving notice of and holding said election, and in counting and returning the votes and declaring the result thereof.” Rev. Stat. Tex. § 3390.
“The order of court declaring the result and prohibiting the sale of such liquors shall be published for four successive weeks in some newspaper published in the county wherein such election has been held. * * If there be no newspaper published, in the county, then the county .judge shall cause publication to be made by posting copies of said order at three public places within the prescribed limits for the aforesaid length of time.” Rev. Stat. Tex. §3391.
“When any such election has been held and has resulted in favor of prohibition, and the aforesaid court has made the order declaring the result, and the order of prohibition, and has caused the same to be published as aforesaid, any person who shall thereafter, within the prescribed bounds of prohibition, sell, exchange or give away, with the purpose of evading the provisions of this*227 title, any intoxicating liquors whatsoever, or in any way violate any of the provisions of this title, shall be subject to prosecution, by information or indictment, and shall be punished as prescribed in the Penal Code.” Rev. Stat. Tex. § 3396.
In construing these provisions in Sedberry v. State, 14 Tex. App. 233, it was held (May 23, 1883) that an indictment was sufficient, the charging part of which read as follows:
“One Robert Sedberry, late of said county, on the 1st day of November, 1882, and in said county and state of Texas, did then and there unlawfully sell intoxicating liquors, after the qualified voters of said Bosque county had determined, at an election held in accordance with the laws of the state of Texas, that the sale and exchange of intoxicating liquors should be prohibited in said county, and after the commissioners’ court of said county had made an order prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors, and after said order had been published for four weeks in the Independent Blade, a newspaper published in said county, * * contrary,” etc.
The manner of thus stating the facts constituting the offense was approved in McMillan v. State, 18 Tex. App. 375. In Dixon v. State, 21 Tex. App. 517: 518 (1 S. W. 448), however, it was held that an indictment or information, to be sufficient to charge a violation of the local option law, should allege the name of the person to whom the liquor was unlawfully sold, or, if his name was unknown to the grand jury, that fact should be averred. In referring to the preceding decision, it is said:
“The indictments in those cases were excepted to upon numerous other grounds, and were held sufficient with reference to such exceptions, but cannot be considered as adjudicated on exceptions not made, or to which the attention of the court was not called.”
To the same effect, see Martin v. State, 31 Tex. Cr. R. 27 (19 S. W. 434); Drechsel v. State, 35 Tex. Cr. R. 580 (34 S. W. 934). In Stewart v. State, 35 Tex. Cr. R. 391:
“Before the local option law can be put into operation in a given territory, an election for that purpose must be held in accordance with the laws of this state. It is thus made a part of the description and definition of the offense that the election declaring prohibition shall have been held in accordance with the laws of the state of Texas; and, in order, therefore, to convict a person of this offense, it must be alleged and proved that the election was so held. It must further be alleged that the order was made for that purpose, and due publication made, as required by the statute. It is just as essential to allege and prove these constituent elements of this offense as it is to allege and prove the sale of intoxicating liquors.”
In Hall v. State, 37 Tex. Cr. R. 219 (39 S. W. 117), the Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, on February 24, 1897, reaffirmed the legal principle last adverted to, and held that an information for violating the local option law must allege that an election on local option was held, that the commissioners’ court declared the result, and that publication was made to put the same in force. These decisions have been referred to in order to show how the local option law of Texas was judicially con
This guaranty of a statement of the essential facts constituting the commission of a crime is not abrogated or modified by Article VII, Section 3, of the organic act, as amended November 8, 1910 (Laws 1911, p. 7), so as to authorize this court to enter a proper judgment in a criminal action; for in adopting such alteration in the fundamental law it was evidently not intended to abolish or dispense with any of the necessary requirements of an indictment. State v. Dougherty, 4 Or. 200; State v. Ah Sam, 14 Or. 347 (13 Pac. 303); State v. Lee, 17 Or. 488 (21 Pac. 455); State v. Shaw, 22 Or. 287 (29 Pac. 1028). The purpose of granting to a party charged with the commission of a crime the constitutional right to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him is very succinctly stated in Norris v. State, 33 Miss. 373: 376, where Mr. Justice Fisher, speaking for the court, says:
“The object is not to screen the guilty, but to protect the innocent; and by departing from a rule supported by*230 the clearest dictates of reason, while it may be true that the guilty will but seldom, if ever, escape punishment, yet it may be equally true that the innocent may, with almost equal facility, in many cases, be convicted, and unjustly suffer a punishment designed by law for criminals only.”
To the same effect, see People v. Olmstead, 30 Mich. 431: 438.
6. The local option law, specifying the initatory proceedings demanded before its provisions can be violated, is as follows, except the numbers in parenthesis, which have been added, to wit:
“ (1) When any such election has been held (2) and has resulted.in favor of prohibition (3) and the county court has made the order declaring the result (4) and the order of prohibition, any person who shall thereafter, within the perscribed [prescribed] bounds of prohibition, sell,” etc. Section 4934, L. O. L.
An indictment for a violation of that statute, to be valid, must set forth the four constituent facts thus noted. The failure to aver that an election had been held in Union County, at which a majority of all the votes cast on that subject favored prohibition, rendered the indictment inadequate, in that it did not state facts sufficient to constitute a crime, and an error was committed in overruling the demurrer interposed on that ground.
The judgment is therefore reversed, and the cause remanded, with directions to sustain the demurrer, and for such further proceedings as may be necessary.
Reversed.