141 Mo. 547 | Mo. | 1897
— The defendant was jointly indicted with Alan F. Reed and John T. Ebbs in the criminal court of Jackson county at the September term, 1895. A severance was granted, and Reed and Tobie were separately tried. The latter, the defendant herein, was convicted on the twenty-ninth of April, 1897, of having feloniously caused to be forged in Jackson county, Missouri, a certain deed, purporting to be the act of one 0. E. Wetmore, to certain lands in Leavenworth county, Kansas, by which the title thereto purported to be conveyed to one F. L. Kirkbride with the intent then and there to defraud said Kirkbride.
The facts are that Reed was a barkeeper in Kansas City, Missouri; the defendant Tobie was a carpenter, and these two and one John T. Ebbs agreed and con
I. As the indictment is challenged, it is thought ' best to give it at length, as follows:
“State oe Missouri, | > ss. “County of Jackson, J
“In the criminal court of Jackson county, Missouri, at Kansas City, Mo., September term, A. D. 1895.
“The grand jurors for the State of Missouri, in and for the body of the county of Jackson, upon their oath present that John T. JDbbs, P. D. Tobie, and Alan F. Reed, late of the county aforesaid, on the 20th day of June, 1895, at the county of Jackson, State aforesaid, did unlawfully and feloniously forge a certain deed purporting to be the act of one C. E. Wetmore, by which a right and interest in certain real property, which in said deed purports to lie and be situate in the county of Leavenworth, State of Kansas, and which in said deed was described as follows, to wit: ‘The northwest quarter of section number twenty-eight, township number ten, range twenty-one, east 6th p. m., containing in all one hundred and sixty acres of land more or
Second count:
“And the grand jurors aforesaid, in and for the body of the county of Jackson, upon their oath do further present that John T. Ebbs, Alan E. Reed, and P. D. Tobie, late of the county aforesaid, on the 20th day of June, 1895, at the county of Jackson, State aforesaid, did unlawfully and feloniously cause to be forged a certain deed, purporting to be the act of one C. E. Wetmore, by which a right and interest in certain real property, which in said deed purports to lie and be situated in the county of Leavenworth, State of Kansas, and which in said deed was described as follows, to wit: ‘The northwest quarter of section twenty-eight, township number ten, range twenty-one, east 6th p. m., containing in all one hundred and sixty acres of land more or less,’ purported to be transferred and conveyed to one E. L. Kirkbride, with intent then and there to defraud said F. L. Kirkbride, against the peace and dignity of the State.”
The defendant Tobie was convicted under the second count.
It is urged that the indictment is bad in that it fails to aver that the forgery was procured to be made with a felonious intent. By our statute, section 3626, Revised Statutes 1889, “Every person who shall forge, counterfeit, or falsely alter or cause, or procure to be forged, counterfeited, or falsely altered.....any deed or other instrument being, or purporting to be, the act of another, by which any right or interest in real property shall be, or purport to be transferred, or in any way changed or affected,.....with intent to defraud shall on conviction be adjudged guilty of forgery in the
II. No error can be predicated upon the action of the court in refusing to permit the defendant to identify a certain writing alleged to have been written by himself some four months after the alleged forgery, as a basis of comparison with the other papers in evidence. The bilí of exceptions recites that “in fact said paper was never' offered in evidence and is not incorporated in the bill.” It is apparent that there is nothing before us for review. Inasmuch as the said paper must have been proved to be genuine to the satisfaction of the judge of the criminal court before it was admissible, it must, in the absence of anything to the contrary, be presumed that the trial court was unwilling to inaugurate a practice so well calculated to lead to frauds upon the courts
III. Counsel for defendant attack the first instruc‘tion for the State because the words “with intent to defraud” are omitted after the words “did intentionally and willfully incite, advise, counsel, or procure the said John T. Ebbs to sign the name of C. E. Wetmore to said deed, feloniously intending to forge said name to said deed.”• The criticism'displays the ingenuity' of counsel and evidences the thorough preparation with which he always presents his cases, but we can not agree that it is necessary for an instruction to a jury to use the identical words of a statute, or to contain all the particularity of a criminal charge in an indictment. In the same instruction the attention of the jury had been called to the constituent elements of the crime, a forgery, with intent to defraud, and then they are told that if Tobie intentionally and willfully advised, incited, counselled and procured Ebbs to sign Wetmore’s name to said deed, feloniously intending to forge said name to said deed, he, too,- was guilty as was Ebbs. The instruction is well enough in itself though the words “with intent to defraud” might well have been inserted. But if there be a technical failure to insert the words “with intent to defraud,” it is fully and amply supplied by the second instruction, which is in these words:
“2. You are instructed that when two or more persons form a design or purpose to do an unlawful act, each of said persons is guilty of any and all acts done by any of them .in furtherance of such common design or purpose. If, therefore, you find from the evidence that the defendants, P. D. Tobie and John T. Ebbs, by themselves, or in connection with another or others at any time within three years prior to the filing
These two instructions read together fully meet the objections of'the learned counsel that 11 the intent to defraud” was not required to be found. There is clearly no conflict in the two, and the omission of the first to define what would constitute “the felonious intent” required to make out the offer is fully and clearly expressed in the second, and in such cases it has been repeatedly held that where one of the instructions fully covers the case, as the second instruction does, it was impossible that the other could have operated to the injury of the defendant, especially when the evidence tended to prove no other offense or grade of crime, and the evidence disclosed not the slightest inference that the forgery was committed with any other intent. State v. Patterson, 73 Mo. 695; State v. Talbott, 73 Mo. 347.
IV. It is next insisted that the court erred in refusing the sixth instruction prayed by counsel for defendant, as follows:
“6. The court instructs the jury that the defendant stands charged with the forgery of a deed, and with causing a deed to be forged. That under the law a deed is an instrument of writing, signed, sealed, and
This instruction was erroneous in that it required the jury to find the instrument was not only signed but “sealed” by Ebbs. This is no longer necessary in Missouri. By an act of the General Assembly approved February 21, 1893, long before this deed is charged to have been forged, the use of private seals in conveyances of real estate was abolished except as to seals of corporations. The court had already required the State to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the deed had been forged — in Jackson county, Missouri, and hence no error was committed in refusing this instruction even if it had omitted the necessity of finding it was sealed in this State. Moreover, we can not agree with counsel that there was no evidence that the deed was delivered by Ebbs to Kirkbride in Kansas City, Kansas. On the contrary Ebbs swears that the forgery of Wetmore’s name was complete in the New York Life Building in Kansas City, Missouri, and that instrument was offered and read in evidence, and the court correctly instructed the jury that the instrument on its face was a deed. Ebbs further testified they “closed up the trade at the New York Life Building, and that he knew at the time he was forging Wet-more’s name.” “The trade was consummated in W. T. Reed’s office in the New York Life Building.”
W. T. Eeed, Esq., testified as to the occurrence in his office in Kansas City, Missouri, and said: “Then he and Kirkbride changed papers áfter this deed was signed. The- deed was handed to me on the road to Wyandotte. I was Kirkbride’s attorney in the matter.”
Kirkbride, the only other witness to the transaction, testified that Ebbs signed Wetmore’s name to the deed inMr.W. T. Seed’s office in Kansas City, Missouri; thereupon Ebbs handed him the deed and Kirkbride gave Ebbs the bill of sale to his stock of goods and a cheek for $200, and then the suggestion was made to go over into Kansas to have the acknowledgment taken. All of these parties corroborate each other that the forgery was complete in Jackson county, Missouri, and further that the forged, deed was delivered in Jackson county, Missouri. Moreover, the instruction prayed by defendant was not the law for the reason that it was not at all necessary that this forged -instrument should have been delivered in Jackson county. Said this court in State v. Fisher, 65 Mo. 437: “It is the felonious making of the false instrument as true in fact which constitutes the crime of forgery, consequently it was not necessary for the indictment to aver that the instrument would have conveyed the land if genuine. ‘The question is whether upon its face it will have the effect to defraud those who may act upon it
Y. Exception was taken to the court’s action in refusing- instruction number 7, asked by defendant. The court-had already given a general instruction as to the right of the jury to pass upon the credibility of the witnesses and another upon the good character of defendant, and went as far as defendant could ask or demand, and it was not error to refuse others upon the same topics.
yi. The court gave the following instruction:
“3. The court instructs the jury that the testimony of an accomplice in the crime, that is, the person who actually committed or participated in the crime, is admissible. Yet the evidence of an accomplice in crime, when not corroborated by some person or persons not implicated in the crime as to matters
“The court further instructs the jury that you are at liberty to convict the defendant, P. D. Tobie, on the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice alone, if you believe the statements as given by such accomplice in his testimony to be true, if you further believe that the state of facts sworn to by such witness,.if any, will establish the guilt of said defendant.”
Notwithstanding defendant asks us to review our decisions and hold that a conviction can not be had upon the uncorroborated evidence of an accomplice after being duly cautioned by the court, we think these decisions are correct in themselves, and accord with the weight of authority. State v. Jones, 64 Mo. 391; State v. Chyo Chiagk, 92 Mo. 395; State v. Harkins, 100 Mo. loc. cit. 672; State v. Jackson, 106 Mo. loc. cit. 179; State v. Woolard, 111 Mo. 248; State v. Minor, 117 Mo. 306; State v. Crabb, 121 Mo. 554; State v. Donnelly, 130 Mo. 642; State v. Marcks, 140 140 Mo. 656.
VII. Finally, the giving of the tenth instruction for the State is made a ground of error:
“10. If verbal statements of the defendant have been proven in this case, you may take them into consideration, with all of the other facts and circumstances proven. What the proof may show you, if anything, that the defendant has said against himself, the law presumes to be true, because against himself, but anything you may believe from the evidence the defendant said in his own behalf, you are not obliged to believe, but you may treat the same as true or false,
The only criticism is that the instruction says the jury “may consider,” etc., instead of “must.” There is no material difference on this account. The instruction otherwise has been long approved by this’ court and is'unobjectionable. State v. Hopper, 71 Mo. 425; State v. West, 69 Mo. 401; State v. Carlisle, 57 Mo. 102.
Having carefully considered all the exceptions, we find no reversible error in the record and the judgment is affirmed.