31 Kan. 245 | Kan. | 1884
The opinion of the court was delivered by
In 1883, by chapter 159, Laws 1883, the legislature authorized the township of Solomon, in the county of Cloud, to issue bonds for building bridges in a sum not exceeding $7,000, in addition to the amount of bonds it was already entitled to issue by law, with the proviso that the manner of issuing said bonds should be in all respects as already provided by law for issuing township bonds. Under this authority an election was held, at which more than a majority, but less than three-fifths, of the votes were cast in favor of issuing the bonds. In 1870, township bonds for
The contention of defendants is, that these later laws superseded the former, and as three-fifths of the votes cast at this election were not in favor of issuing the bonds and building the bridges, no authority to act therein was granted. 'The simple question therefore is, whether the earlier statutes are superseded by the later. It is not pretended that the former are in terms repealed; but the contention is, that the latter are in the nature of a substitute for, and therefore supersede the former. It is familiar law that a later statute will operate as a repeal of a former, though it contains no express repeal, and even though its provisions are not absolutely repugnant to those of the former, whenever it is obvious that the one was intended as a substitute for the other. The rule is thus stated by Mr, Justice Field, in the case of the United States v. Tynen, 11 Wall. 92:
“Even where two acts are not in express terms repugnant, yet if the later act covers the whole subject of the first, and embraces new provisions, plainly showing that it was intended as a substitute for the first act, it will operate as a repeal of that act.”
See also the following cases: Davies v. Fairbairn, 3 How. 636; Bartlett v. King, 12 Mass. 537; Commonwealth v. Cooley, 10 Pick. 36; Pierpont v. Crouch, 10 Cal. 315; Sacramento v. Bird, 15 id. 294; Swann v. Buck, 40 Miss. 269; Norris v. Crocker, 13 How. 429; Sedgwick on Stat. and Const. Law, 124.
We think this rule obtains, and that the law of 1870, with its amendments in 1871, was repealed by the law of 1872, and its amendment in 1874. The latter law covers the whole subject-matter of the first; embraces new and different provisions, and was obviously intended tti cover the entire field of such legislation. A slight comparison will in
Counsel refer to the case of Uhl v. Township of Douglass, 27 Kas. 80, in which we spoke of the law of 1870 as still in force. But the question now presented was not suggested at that time, and for the purpose of that case it was immaterial whether the law of 1870-1871, or that of 1872-1874, was in force. The decision has no bearing upon the question here presented, and there is nothing said in the opinion which properly considered ought to interfere in the least with a full inquiry at the present time.
The judgment will therefore be entered in favor of the defendants for costs.