The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Appealing from a conviction of murder and a sentence of death, the defendant relies on alleged irregularities, which he presents in an assignment of errors and two bills of exception.
1. In his assignment of errors, he charges that the record fails to show that the grand jury, which presented the indictment against him, had been duly empannelled and sworn as the law directs-.
The minutes of the court show that the grand jury was empanelled and charged, but are silent on the question of the oath prescribed by law. The minutes contаin the names of all the grand jurors and of the foreman, and mention the fact of the latter’s appointment by the court.
Thе indictment which is endorsed, a “ true bill,” by the foreman of the grand jury, contains the distinct statement that the members had been “ duly empаnnelled and sworn.”
Hence, the record does show that the grand jury had been sworn. But defendant’s contention is, that this fact must be shown by the minutes only. He is in error. The proof of that fact may be gathered from any other part of the record.
This is no longеr an open question. In the case of the State vs. Tag-well, 30 An. 884, this Court, passing on a similar objection, said : “ we do not consider it sacramental, that these preliminary proceedings for •the organization of the, grand jury should be copied in the record.” This ruling was reaffirmed in the case of the State vs. Watson, 31 An. 380.
The reliance placed by defendant’s counsel on the ruling in the case of the State vs. Folke, 2 An. 744, cannot avail him. In that, as in the instant case, the minutes failed to show that the grand jurors had been sworn, and this Court sustained the action of the District Judge, who had allowed an amendment of the minutes of his court, with a view to supply the omission of the clerk in that particular. And this Court further said : “ In the present instance, it appears upon the face of the indictment that the jurors by whom it was found were duly empannelled and sworn, and the oath of the clerk further confirms thе fact.”
This ruling is far from supporting the construction that the minutes
2. The. first bill complains of the Judge’s ruling in admitting proof of a confession of the accused, for whiсh purpose the State offered the testimony of two witnesses.
The testimony of the first witness was excluded on defendant’s objection, that the confession made to him was not voluntary, but that the same had been drawn out by inducements.
In another part оf the bill the Judge states, that he rejected that witness for the reason that he was too intoxicated to testify in the causе.
Defendant’s counsel seriously complains of this discrepancy in the statement of the Judge’s reasons for the exclusiоn of that witness. It is very apparent that the two reasons are somewhat inconsistent, and exclusive of each othеr. The Judge seems to rest his ruling on the state of intoxication of the witness.
However, be that as it may, we find no ground of complаint for the accused of a ruling which silenced a witness who had been introduced by the State with the avowed purpose оf proving a confession calculated to operate Ms conviction of murder.
Defendant’s counsel objeсted to the proof of the confession by the second witness introduced for the purpose, on the ground that the cоnfession was made a short time after the excluded statement, and under the same pressure. The bill shows that the second сonfession was made to a different person some forty minutes later, and nothing shows that any threats are made, or inducеments held out to the accused by this second witness. Hence, the District Judge correctly held that the confession was voluntаry, and that proof of the same was admissible. Should it even appear that the second confession was a cоntinuance of the first, or was made under the same state of mind of the accused, we are not satisfied from any fact in the record that the first confession was not free and voluntary, and that it should have been excluded. The record does not inform us as to the nature of the inducements held out to the accused. State vs. Alphonse, 34 An. 18.
3. The defendant finally complains of the ruling of the Judge in allowing the District Attorney to cross-examine one of the witnesses for the defense, on matters allеged not to grow out of facts and circumstances stated in his direct examination.
It appears that the defense hаd questioned the witness concerning the state of excitement and indignation prevailing among an assemblage of persons who had gathered on the banks of a stream into which
Admitting that the witness had been introduced, as contended for by the defendant’s counsel, for the exclusive purpose of showing public excitement and indiguation, it appears nevertheless that the witness, in his examination in chief, had made statements concerning the search for the body in the water, the finding of the same therein, and the dragging of it therefrom by the witness himself.
It is therefore clear to our minds, that the mаtters embraced in the questions on cross-examination were intimately connected with, and naturally grew out of, the facts and circumstances stated by the witness in his direct examination.
The legality of the cross-examination in this particular, must be tested by the matters stated by the witness in his examination in chief, and not by the consideration of the purpose for which he had bеen introduced. State vs. Swayze, 30 An. 1327.
A close and careful examination of the case has failed to disclose any errors in the proceeding prejudicial to the accused, and we can therefore grant him no relief.
Judgment affirmed.