178 N.W. 951 | N.D. | 1920
Lead Opinion
Statement. — This is a criminal action for statutory rape. The defendant was found guilty by the jury on June 21, 1919. Three days later, the court sentenced the defendant for two- years in the state penitentiary. On June 25, 1919, the defendant appealed therefrom. Later, the defendant made a motion for a new trial, which, on January 9, 1920, was denied. In a memorandum opinion, the trial court strongly intimated that prejudicial error occurred in the course of the trial, but, since the state had contended that the trial court had no jurisdiction to hear the motion for a new trial, although such court was of the opinion that it did, the court had decided to deny the mo
The substantial facts necessary for the consideration of the specifications of error made by the defendant, are as follows: The information charges the defendant with committing, on February 26, 1917, statutory rape upon one Florence Day. The defendant was then fifty-one years old. He is a married man, having married his present wife in Maryland some sixteen years previous. There are no children as a result of this marriage, but he had children from a former marriage. The defendant had been engaged in operating a livery stable, trading horses and also traveling a stallion. Florence Day, at tbe time of tbe alleged crime, was fifteen years old. She is one of several children of Mr. and Mrs. Day, who lived in Sarles, North Dakota, and operated a farm near there. Tbe defendant and bis wife were neighbors of tbe Days. They visited back and forth as neighbors. At times tbe defendant did some work for tbe Days on their farm. In accordance with tbe testimony of tbe prosecutrix, tbe defendant in June and July, 1917, on two different occasions, bad incomplete sexual intercourse with her. That in February, 1918, tbe defendant bad complete sexual intercourse with her. All of these acts occurred on tbe kitchen floor in tbe home of tbe Days, at Sarles. On November, 1918, tbe prosecutrix gave birth to a full-grown baby girl. She also testified that she never bad any sexual intercourse, either actual or attempted, with any other person excepting tbe hired man and a boy, Larry Stepp, who was a witness for tbe defendant. Concerning tbe incident with tbe hired man, she testified that on tbe Day’s farm, in June, 1918, be started or made an attempt to have sexual intercourse with her, but no actual sexual intercourse took place. Concerning tbe act with tbe boy, tbe testimony is to tbe effect that one evening, in December, 1917, on tbe back porch of her home, an incomplete act of sexual intercourse took place.
On tbe other band, Larry Stepp, tbe nephew of tbe defendant, testified that be was a schoolmate of tbe prosecutrix; that when be was sixteen years old be bad complete sexual intercourse with tbe prosecutrix on two different occasions; that one of tbe acts occurred in tbe hayloft of a certain bam in Sarles, about tbe month of February, 1918, and tbe other act in tbe fall of 1918, after threshing time, in a
On the part of the state the case was actively prosecuted by a private attorney appointed by order of the court, and designated so to serve without any cost to the county. During the course of the trial, the state, over the objection of the defendant, propounded questions to-the defendant upon cross-examination, the effect and purport of which were to show that the defendant had indecently exposed his person and indecently solicited Mrs. Day, the mother of the prosecutrix, sometime-in March, 1918, at the home of the defendant. The defendant denied such act, although he admitted that Mrs. Day, by reason of her frequently coming there, might have seen him partly undressed. Likewise, during the trial, the state propounded questions upon cross-examination, to the defendant, and also to his wife, who was a witness, which tended to elicit evidence and to show that years ago, in Maryland and Virginia, before the defendant was divorced from his former wife, he met and went with his present wife, first, in the home and town of his former wife, and, from there, later, to and in another town. That some of these acts occurred before he secured his divorce from his former wife. From the answers received to such questions, no improper sexual relations were shown between the defendant and his present wife.
During the course of the argument of the private counsel for the state before the jury, he made statements to the effect that the defendant had left his first wife and went away with his present wife; that he left his wife and children of tender years and went off into Maryland, taking with him this woman, who is now his present wife. That he left with his present wife before he was divorced from his first wife. That she was working at housework, while the defendant was working at blacksmithing, and that at least part of the time they lived in the same house where she worked, and he boarded and roomed there.
Contentions. — The state contends that the trial court had no jurisdiction to hear the motion for a new trial, for the reason that the defendant previously had deprived the court of such jurisdiction by appealing from the judgment of conviction to the supreme court.
The defendant has made twenty-five specifications of error. Those that seriously require the consideration of this court are the specifications which maintain that the trial court erred in appointing and per
• Opinion. — The defendant made a motion for a new trial within the-statutory time allowed therefor. Section 10,902 Comp. Laws 1913, and before the time within which the right to appeal had expired. Comp. Laws 1913, § 10,994. This court has heretofore held that an appeal from a judgment and a motion for a new trial are independent remedies. McCann v. Gilmore, 42 N. D. 119, 172 N. W. 236. We are of the opinion that the trial court had jurisdiction to hear and determine the motion for a new trial as made.
Concerning the right of the private attorney to appear in behalf of the state in this case, the record discloses no objection made anterior to or during the trial on the part of the defendant. The record discloses that the state’s attorney stated, in the record at the commencement of the trial, that the private attorney would appear as special counsel to assist in the prosecution. We are satisfied that pursuant to-statute, § 3381, Comp. Laws 1913, the trial judge has a discretion in appointing special counsel to assist the state’s attorney in important-cases. That this discretion exists, although pursuant to § 3376, Comp. Laws 1913, the attorney general, his assistants, and the state’s attorneys are denominated the only public prosecutors in all cases, civil' and criminal, wherein the state is a party of the action. Laws 1901, chap. 178 (Comp. Laws 1913, § 3376), did not impliedly repeal said § 3381. We find no abuse of discretion in so designating, without objection, under the circumstances of this record, private counsel in behalf of the state. See Fox v. Walley, 13 N. D. 610, 102 N. W. 161.
This power or discretion, however, should not be exercised where it appears that the officials whose duty it is to prosecute can properly represent the interests of the state.
In respect to the questions propounded to the accused upon cross-
We are of the opinion, however, that there is error in the record, both with respect to the evidence solicited and adduced concerning the relations of the defendant, many years ago, with his present wife, and with respect to misconduct of the attorney in his comments upon such matter to the jury. The questions as propounded to the defendant in this respect had no bearing upon any issue involved in the case, and only remotely affected his credibility. They could highly serve the purpose of prejudicing the issues involved in the minds of the jury against the defendant. See State v. Mackey, 31 N. D. 200, 215, 153 N. W. 92. The statements made by the private counsel for the state in his argument to the jury may have seriously prejudiced the jury by reason of their conclusions that the defendant was guilty of highly reprehensible, if not of actual, criminal misconduct in such matter. This was entirely foreign to the issue involved in the case, and could serve only the purpose of arousing the prejudice of the jury, and of directing its attention from the real issue involved in the case. See State v. Gunderson, 26 N. D. 294, 144 N. W. 659, Ann. Cas. 1916A, 429; State v. Nyhus, supra. The trial court, in its memorandum opinion, has stated that “in a large measure the probability is that the jury was guided by passion and prejudice by reason of the admission of such evidence and statements of counsel.” In view of such error
Concurrence Opinion
(concurring specially). In the opinion as written by Mr. Justice Bronson, I do concur. This is a rape case. February 16, 1918, is the date of the alleged offense. The trial was in June, 1919. The transcript covers 274 pages, .and a large part of it consists of irrelevant and prejudicial matter. The prosecution was represented by Mr. Grimson, state’s attorney, Mr. Nuchols, assistant attorney general, and Mr. Fred Traynor, special counsel retained by the father.
Florence Day was between fifteen and sixteen years. She is the eldest of six children. From the age of seven she had gone to the village school at Sarles, yet, according to her story, she had not heard how children come into the world, and believed her good mother, who said the doctor brought them. Yet she is no simpleton. She was entirely competent to go into her father’s field and to take charge of the plow and binder. Florence, as the special counsel familiarly calls her on most every page of the long transcript, was far from being malicious or a bad girl. She never told on her several lovers, never thought of blackmailing them; but, according to her own testimony, she was of rather easy virtue and entirely too familiar with her father’s help and one or two young rascals. The result was she had a child and learned how children came into the world. Then, for the first time, she told mamma that defendant was the father. He was a married man of fifty-three years, and had some property. The young rascals had nothing, and so a special counsel was employed to aid in giving defendant a special prosecution.
There is no claim that by any word or act Miss Florence ever made the least resistance to any of her lovers. Her testimony is in some respects self-impeaching. Defendant swears positively that all she says of him is wholly untrue, and that he never took any liberties with her. Thus there is a direct conflict of testimony, and there is no corroboration on one side or the other. Hence, to turn the scales, the special counsel must have thought it necessary to drag in a lot of prejudicial matter. • On the record no man can honestly say that the weight of evidence is against the defendant or that he is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Furthermore, though counsel has not made the
Eeversed.
