120 Wash. App. 312 | Wash. Ct. App. | 2004
— During deliberations in Michael John Stanley’s trial for felony harassment, a juror became ill. The trial court replaced the sick juror with an alternate juror without instructing the reconstituted jury on the record to begin deliberations anew. The record also does not show that the continued impartiality of the alternate juror was confirmed, nor does it indicate the presence or any input from the defendant or his counsel. The reconstituted jury found Stanley guilty of felony harassment, Stanley appeals on various grounds, including a claim that the trial court committed reversible error by failing to use proper procedure in seating the alternate juror. We agree, and reverse and remand for a new trial.
I
At the beginning of the second day of jury deliberations in Michael Stanley’s trial, a juror called in sick. The jury had deliberated for approximately one hour. An alternate juror was substituted for the ill juror. The record does not indicate whether Stanley or his counsel was present when the alternate juror was seated, whether the court conducted a hearing to assess the alternate juror’s continued impartiality, or whether the reconstituted jury was instructed to disregard all previous deliberations and begin deliberations anew.
The reconstituted jury deliberated for approximately 30 minutes before submitting a question to the court. The court answered the question about 30 minutes later and then, in less than an hour, the jury returned a verdict. The jury found Stanley guilty of the only count with which he was charged, felony harassment. After delivering the verdict, the jury was polled. Each juror confirmed that the verdict was both the verdict of the jury as a whole and the verdict of that individual juror.
From mid-April 2002 until the first week of June 2002, Stanley roomed with Ronald Davis at Pine Lodge. Approximately twice a week, Davis heard Stanley make threats to kill his stepfather, Eugene Lloyd. Stanley discussed shooting or hiring someone else to kill Lloyd, and also commented that hiring someone had a disadvantage because he wanted to see Lloyd’s face. Stanley said he would not get caught because he would have an alibi.
In June or July 2002, Bill Stutz, a Department of Corrections employee, contacted Lloyd and explained that Stanley had been making threats to kill him. Lloyd took the threats to be “believable.” He knew that Stanley had a bad temper, and believed Stanley was angry because he had told the police where to find Stanley. Over the telephone, Stanley had threatened “to get” Lloyd for helping the police.
Stanley was arrested and charged with felony harassment. During the trial, Lloyd testified about Stutz contacting him and telling him about Stanley’s threats. Stanley’s trial counsel did not object to Lloyd’s testimony, nor did he call Stutz as a witness.
The court’s instructions included a “to convict” instruction followed immediately by a special verdict instruction. The “to convict” instruction did not require the jury to decide whether the threat to cause bodily harm was also a threat to kill. The special verdict instruction did require the jury to make that determination.
II
We review claims of manifest constitutional error de novo.
CrR 6.5 governs the use of alternate jurors and provides that:
[an] alternate juror may be recalled at any time that a regular juror is unable to serve .... If the jury has commenced deliberations prior to replacement of an initial juror with an alternate juror, the jury shall be instructed to disregard all previous deliberations and begin deliberations anew.[2 ]
In State v. Ashcraft,
Moreover, in Ashcraft we found troubling a “trial court’s seating of an alternate juror without giving the parties any opportunity for input and without a record of reinstruction.”
The State concedes that the trial court committed error, but argues that because the evidence on the record suggests that the reconstituted jury did deliberate anew, and because the evidence against Stanley was overwhelming, the trial court committed only harmless error by not instructing the reconstituted jury. With an error of constitutional magnitude, the State bears the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the error is harmless.
In Ashcraft, the initial jury deliberated for four hours without reaching a verdict and the reconstituted jury deliberated for two to three and one-half hours (depending on whether it stopped for lunch).
The State argues that because the original jury deliberated for just over an hour and there was only one count,
We conclude that just as in Ashcraft, the State has not met its heavy burden to prove beyond a reasonable doubt the harmlessness of the error.
It is true that in a different context, our Supreme Court found the lack of complexity faced by a jury in a one-defendant, one-charge trial to be significant. In State v. Mickens,
But even though Stanley, like Mickens, was a single defendant faced with only one charge, Mickens is inapposite. The court in Mickens addressed the lack of a jury instruction regarding the requirement of unanimity, not the
The State’s argument that overwhelming evidence against Stanley renders any error harmless also fails. The evidence supporting the verdict is substantial but not so overwhelming as to necessarily lead 12 fair-minded individuals to only one conclusion.
The State requests that if we conclude that the error was not harmless, we remand to give the State an opportunity to further develop the record. But a hearing at this late date is not appropriate. We reverse and remand for retrial.
Because we have reversed the conviction, we do not determine whether the trial court’s seating of the alternate juror without determining on the record his continued impartiality was reversible error. Nevertheless, we note that this was error, and that the trial court compounded the error by not seeking out the parties through counsel to obtain input before seating the alternate juror.
A majority of the panel has determined that the remainder of this opinion lacks precedential value and will not be printed in the Washington Appellate Reports. But the remainder of this opinion is ordered to be filed for public record pursuant to RCW 2.06.040.
Reversed.
Kennedy and Ellington, JJ., concur.
State v. Pirtle, 127 Wn.2d 628, 656-57, 904 P.2d 245 (1995); State v. Curtis, 110 Wn. App. 6, 11, 37 P.3d 1274 (2002); State v. White, 80 Wn. App. 406, 410, 907 P.2d 310 (1995).
CrR 6.5.
71 Wn. App. 444, 859 P.2d 60 (1993).
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 462.
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 462.
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 462-63 (quoting CrR 6.5).
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 460.
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 467.
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 467.
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 466 (citing Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 24, 87 S. Ct. 824, 17 L. Ed. 2d 705 (1967)).
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 466 (citing State v. Badda, 63 Wn.2d 176, 182-83, 385 P.2d 859 (1963)).
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 466.
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 466.
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 466-67.
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 466.
61 Wn.2d 83, 377 P.2d 240 (1962).
Mickens, 61 Wn.2d at 87.
63 Wn.2d 176, 385 P.2d 859 (1963).
Badda, 63 Wn.2d at 182.
Mickens, 61 Wn.2d at 87.
Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. at 467.