State v. Sports

41 N.C. App. 687 | N.C. Ct. App. | 1979

CARLTON, Judge.

Defendant first assigns as error the trial court’s overruling of his objections and denial of his motion to strike certain testimony of Virginia Poot. On preliminary and direct examination of Ms. Poot by the assistant district attorney, evidence of Ms. Poot’s orphan status, epileptic history, scholarship assistance and summer employment was admitted over defendant’s objections. Defendant contends that the evidence presented was irrelevant and served only to excite prejudice and sympathy for the prosecuting witness. We disagree.

It is elementary that when a witness has been sworn and takes the stand, preliminary questions are properly put to him as to name, residence, knowledge of the case, etc. The purpose of such questions is generally to introduce the witness to the court and the jury and to show why he is there testifying. 1 Stansbury, N.C. Evidence, § 24, p. 56 (Brandis rev. ed. 1973); Pittman v. Camp, 94 N.C. 283 (1886). Evidence offered for this purpose is relevant at trial, if it does in fact establish an introduction for the witness. See McCormick, Evidence, Relevancy, § 185, p. 435.

Moreover, relevant evidence should not be excluded “simply because it may tend to prejudice the opponent or excite sympathy for the cause of the party who offers it.” 1 Stansbury, N.C. Evidence, § 80, p. 242 (Brandis rev. ed. 1973); see State v. Branch, 288 N.C. 514, 220 S.E. 2d 495 (1975), cert. denied, 433 U.S. 907, 97 S.Ct. 2971, 53 L.Ed. 2d 1091 (1977); State v. Williams, 17 N.C. App. 39, 193 S.E. 2d 452 (1972), cert. denied, 282 N.C. 675 (1973).

In the case sub judice, evidence of Ms. Poot’s background and epilepsy was presented pursuant to preliminary questioning by the assistant district attorney. The evidence was relevant not only for introductory and general purposes, but also to serve as an explanation as to why the witness was working at McDonald’s, living with her aunt in Greensboro, and walking home alone on the night in question. We do not believe the challenged testimony played upon the passions and prejudices of the jury to the extent that it must be considered prejudicial. This assignment of error is overruled.

The defendant next argues that the assistant district attorney’s jury argument, which incorporated evidence from the testimony complained of above, was prejudicial and designed solely to arouse the sympathy and emotions of the jury. In his argument, the assistant district attorney referred to the prosecuting witness as “a young twenty-one year old epileptic, half-blind college student,” an “epileptic, virgin orphan,” and an “innocent young orphan and virgin.” He also briefly recounted Ms. Poot’s testimony concerning her prior summer employment and the fact that after tutoring two children she was never paid. That particular portion of Ms. Poot’s testimony was not in the evidence, as the court had sustained defense counsel’s objection and granted his motion to strike.

The argument of counsel is left largely to the control and discretion of the presiding judge and counsel must be allowed wide latitude in the argument of hotly contested cases. State v. Seipel, 252 N.C. 335, 113 S.E. 2d 432 (1960); State v. Barefoot, 241 N.C. 650, 86 S.E. 2d 424 (1955). “[Counsel], may not, however, by argument, insinuating questions, or other means, place before the jury incompetent and prejudicial matters not legally admissible in evidence, and may not ‘travel outside of the record’ or inject into his argument facts of his own knowledge of other facts not included in the evidence.” State v. Westbrook, 279 N.C. 18, 39, 181 S.E. 2d 572, 584 (1971). “The fact that the sympathy or prejudice of the jury may be aroused by the argument of counsel does not render the argument improper when it is legitimate and based on competent evidence.” State v. Stegmann, 286 N.C. 638, 656, 213 S.E. 2d 262, 275 (1975).

Applying these principles to the present case, we find that the State’s argument was in substantial compliance with case authority. References to Ms. Poot’s virginity, epileptic condition and visionary problems were all permissible, such references being consistent with the facts in evidence. Granted, the assistant district attorney at one point did travel outside the record by referring to Ms. Poot’s noncompensated summer employment. However, we believe that this error was of relatively little importance, particularly in light of the facts that were in evidence. We do not believe it was prejudicial. Moreover, during the assistant district attorney’s argument, defense counsel made no objections to the portions of the argument that he now complains of. An impropriety in the argument should be brought to the attention of the trial court in time for the impropriety to be corrected in the charge unless the impropriety is gross, in which case the error can be corrected ex mero mo tu. 4 Strong, N.C. Index 3d, Criminal Law, § 102.3, p. 520; State v. Miller, 271 N.C. 646, 157 S.E. 2d 335 (1967). This assignment of error is overruled.

The defendant next contends that the trial court erred in overruling his objection and denying his motion to strike the testimony of defendant’s character witness, regarding a specific act of misconduct on the part of the defendant. We disagree.

During cross-examination of defendant’s character witness, the assistant district attorney asked the witness whether he knew the defendant had been convicted of armed robbery.

The defendant relies on the case of State v. Chapman, 294 N.C. 407, 241 S.E. 2d 667 (1978) in support of his argument. In Chapman, our Supreme Court stated the well established rule in our jurisdiction that it is error for the State to cross-examine the defendant’s character witness as to particular acts of misconduct on the part of the defendant. A character witness may be cross-examined as to the general reputation of the defendant as to particular vices or virtues, but not as to specific acts of misconduct. See also State v. Green, 238 N.C. 257, 77 S.E. 2d 614 (1953).

Any error here was harmless in that the defendant had previously testified himself that he had been convicted of armed robbery. In Chapman, the situation presented was strikingly similar to the case at bar in that the prosecutor asked the defendant’s character witnesses whether they were aware that defendant “got his gun and went after some black people in Charlotte.” The error was acknowledged, but declared to be harmless. The test for harmless error was stated in Chapman as being the absence of a “reasonable possibility that a different verdict would be reached at a new and error free trial.” Chapman, supra, at 417, 241 S.E. 2d at 674. This assignment of error is overruled.

Defendant next assigns as error the denial of his motion for mistrial and for a new trial on the ground that the State improperly and prejudicially argued the defendant’s prior armed robbery conviction for purposes other than to attack defendant’s credibility. He argues that these remarks by the assistant district attorney might have been considered by the jury as substantive evidence of defendant’s guilt rather than mere impeachment evidence.

During his argument, the assistant district attorney characterized the defendant as an “admitted armed robber.” At another point in the argument, he juxtaposed the credibility of Ms. Poot against the defendant. He also referred to defendant as one who has “committed armed robbery,” and one who is a “confessed armed robber.”

When the assistant district attorney used the defendant’s armed robbery conviction as part of his effort to undermine the defendant’s credibility, he was acting within the bounds of proper jury arguments. See State v. Currie, 293 N.C. 523, 238 S.E. 2d 477 (1977); State v. Westbrook, supra. Furthermore, when the assistant district attorney used the defendant’s conviction for the purpose of characterization of the defendant, his actions were not improper. In Westbrook, our Supreme Court held that as long as the prosecuting attorney does not go outside of the record and his characterizations of the defendant are supported by evidence, the defendant is not entitled to a new trial by reason of being characterized in noncomplimentary terms in the argument. By defendant’s own testimony, he was convicted of armed robbery. Clearly, the assistant district attorney did not go outside the record in this case and his use of the description “armed robber” as part of the characterization of defendant was supported by the evidence.

Moreover, a curative instruction was given to the jury on defendant’s request before the conclusion of the assistant district attorney’s argument. The jury was told to completely disregard any line of argument purporting to characterize the defendant as an armed robber. While we find that such an instruction was unnecessary here, correction by the court would have cured any impropriety had one existed. State v. Bryant, 236 N.C. 745, 73 S.E. 2d 791 (1953).

Defendant finally contends that the trial court erred in failing to grant his motion to dismiss. Particularly with respect to the charge of assault with intent to commit rape, he argues that there was no evidence of penetration. The argument is meritless.

Chief Justice Sharp stated the North Carolina rule in State v. Hudson, 280 N.C. 74, 77, 185 S.E. 2d 189, 191 (1971), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 1160, 94 S.Ct. 920, 39 L.Ed. 2d 112 (1974):

The requisites of the crime with which defendant is charged have been stated many times: To convict a defendant on the charge of an assault with an intent to commit rape the State must prove not only an assault but that the defendant intended to gratify his passion on the person of the woman, at all events and notwithstanding any resistance on her part. It is not necessary that defendant retain that intent throughout the assault; if he, at any time during the assault, had an intent to gratify his passion upon the woman, notwithstand-

ing any resistance on her part, the defendant would be guilty of the offense. “Intent is an attitude or emotion of the mind and is seldom, if ever, susceptible of proof by direct evidence, it must ordinarily be proven by circumstantial evidence, ie., by facts and circumstances from which it may be inferred.” State v. Gammons, 260 N.C. 753, 756, 133 S.E. 2d 649, 651. To convict a defendant of an assault with intent to commit rape “an actual physical attempt forcibly to have carnal knowledge need not be shown.” 75 C.J.S. Rape § 77, p. 557 (1952).

Clearly, in the case at bar, sufficient evidence of all elements of the offense were presented to withstand defendant’s motion to dismiss. Ms. Poot’s testimony tended to show that the defendant assaulted her and that the assault was sexually motivated. Moreover, she described circumstances from which the jury could reasonably infer that defendant intended to rape her notwithstanding any resistance on her part.

We have reviewed defendant’s remaining assignments of error and find them to be without merit. In the trial below, we find

No error.

Judges Vaughn and Clark concur.