780 S.W.2d 776 | Tenn. Crim. App. | 1989
OPINION
The appellant was indicted for one count of assault and battery upon two police officers. He sought pre-trial diversion. The District Attorney General by undated letter informed his counsel that pre-trial diversion was denied for six reasons. Certiorari was not sought before the Circuit Judge in accordance with T.C.A. § 40-15-105(b)(3). The case went to trial and resulted in a mistrial because the jury was unable to agree.
Subsequently, the appellant again sought pre-trial diversion and it was again denied by the District Attorney General for the same reasons set forth in his previous letter. The appellant then filed his petition for a writ of certiorari, asking the trial judge to direct his placement on pre-trial diversion. The trial judge entered an order dismissing the petition and declined to reach the merits of the petition because the petition was not filed “before trial.”
On appeal the appellant has presented one issue, whether the trial judge erred by holding that he was precluded from having his pre-trial diversion denial reviewed after he had been tried, but a mistrial resulted.
Prior to 1975 there was no formal pre-trial diversion procedure in Tennessee. District Attorneys General with approval of
On June 9, 1975, the Governor approved Chapter 352 of the Public Acts of 1975, which created a program of pre-trial diversion for the State of Tennessee.
In the event the District Attorney General has refused to enter into a memorandum of understanding, the defendant has the right to petition for a writ of certiorari to the trial court for an abuse of prosecutorial discretion. If the trial court finds that the prosecutor has abused his discretion in failing to divert, the trial court may order the prosecuting attorney to place the defendant in a diversion status on such terms as the trial court may order. T.C.A. § 40-15-105(b)(3).
Thus, it is clear that the pre-trial diversion statute envisions the application for this largesse of the law to be accomplished “pre-trial.” Indeed, the name of the procedure is “pre-trial” diversion. This Court has repeatedly held that failure to seek an interlocutory appeal after the trial court denied pre-trial diversion and proceeding to trial amounted to a waiver of the pre-trial diversion issue. State v. Montgomery, 623 S.W.2d 116, 118 (Tenn.Crim.App.1981), State v. McDuff, 691 S.W.2d 569, 570 (Tenn.Crim.App.1984), State v. Wilson, 713 S.W.2d 85, 87 (Tenn.Crim.App.1986).
Neither the state nor the appellant has cited us to any published or unpublished case in which pretrial diversion was sought after a mistrial was declared. Thus, this is apparently a case of first impression under our pre-trial diversion statute.
The appellant vigorously argues, citing cases dealing with double jeopardy, that a mistrial is the same as no trial at all, and that the appellant is, therefore, in the same position now as he was before his trial commenced. The state counters with citations to State v. McDuff, 691 S.W.2d 569, 570 (Tenn.Crim.App.1984), and State v. Wilson, 713 S.W.2d 85, 87 (Tenn.Crim.App.1986), in which this Court has held that pre-trial diversion issues were waived by failure to seek appellate review of diversion denials until after conviction. That, of course, is not the situation here.
In Pace v. State, 566 S.W.2d 861, 868 (Tenn.1978), the late Chief Justice Joe W. Henry wrote in his concurring opinion:
The self-evident purpose of pre-trial diversion is to spare appropriately selected first offenders the stigma, embarrassment and expense of trial and the collateral consequences of a criminal conviction. The result contemplated is the restoration of successful divertees to useful and productive citizenship. This is a legitimate and praiseworthy objective and one that has now become the public policy of the State.
As the appellant points out in his brief, the policies underlying pre-trial diversion may be even stronger in cases of retrials because the reprosecution may impose a greater strain on a worthy applicant, in terms of the monetary costs, as well as the
A mistrial is defined as an “erroneous, invalid or nugatory trial” due to some error in the proceedings. The term is loosely employed to denote any trial not resulting in a lawful verdict. In legal effect, it is “equivalent to no trial at all.” 58 C.J.S. (Mistrial) 833-834.
In this case, a mistrial having been declared, the state and the appellant are back where they began. In that situation, there is no reason why the appellant cannot again seek pre-trial diversion. The Attorney General can consider the request again (as he did in this case) and the appellant can petition the Court for certiorari, in the event diversion is denied. Diversion having been again denied, the judgment of dismissal of the petition for certiorari is reversed and this cause is remanded to the trial court with directions to hear the petition.
. The program met with some resistance from some District Attorneys General and some trial courts until our Supreme Court made it clear that the General Assembly clearly had the power to create such a program, Pace v. State, 566 S.W.2d 861, 864 (Tenn.1978), and that the statutory scheme has statewide application. Dearborne v. State, 575 S.W.2d 259, 262 (Tenn.1978). (emphasis in original)