State v. SpeaksState v. Speaks
This cause is in this court on an appeal from a judgment of the Court of Common Pleas оf Scioto County wherein defendant was found guilty of the charge of escape frоm confinement.
Defendant, feeling aggrieved by this judgment, filed his notice of appeаl and assigned the following error:
“1. The Court of Common Pleas erred in refusing to direct the jury tо render a verdict of not guilty at the conclusion of the evidence.”
In February 1964, defendant was indicted by the Grand Jury of Licking County for failure to provide. Defendant, while represented by counsel hired by himself, entered a plea of guilty. Defendant was placеd on probation for three years.
On August 12, 1965, defendant was brought before the Common Pleas Court of Licking County to show cause why his probation should not be revoked. Defendant аp *130 peared without counsel at this hearing. His probation was revoked.
Subsequently, he was sent to the Shawnee Honor Camp, Scioto County. He was later indicted for еscaping from confinement of that camp, in violation of Section 2901.11, Revised Code.
Defendant’s contention is that since his probation was revoked at a time when he was not represented by counsel such confinement at Shawnee Honor Camp was not legal and his conviction of the charge of escape from сonfinement was, therefore, illegal. Defendant cites the case
of Mempa
v.
Rhay,
Defendant maintains that the principle enunciated in the Mempa case is conclusive of the matter. However, we believe that there is a further question involved. The state in its brief admits that defendant appeared at the heаring where his probation was revoked without the presence of counsel. The question then arises, could defendant be guilty of the crime with which he was charged in Sciotо County, to wit, that of escape from confinement, under the conceded facts?
We think that defendant’s position is untenable and that he can be guilty of the charge оf escape from confinement under the facts and circumstances he alleges.
Mempa
v.
Rhay
was decided by the United States Supreme Court on November 13, 1967. On December 8, 1967, the case of
Laws
v.
United States,
See also
Crawford
v.
Taylor,
*131
Escape from custody cannot be justified on the basis that the sentence was subsequently set aside.
Jones v. Hale,
It should be remembered that invalidatiоn of the erroneous judgment through proper review would not, per se, entitle the defendant to his freedom, but only to the right to have a new, and fair, hearing if it is determined that he did not have one. Where a prisoner considers his confinement improper, he is compelled, in order to test its validity, to follow the procedures which have beеn set up for that purpose.
It is stated in another way in
Mullican
v.
United States,
“Kemedies are available for procuring, through legal proсess, release of those who are unlawfully held in custody, and doctrine of self help is not available to a prisoner in penal or correctional institution; and, thеrefore, defendant could be convicted for escape even if his cоnfinement was unlawful at the time of his escape.”
The rationale of this position is well described in
Aderhold, Warden,
v.
Soileau
(C. C. A. 5, 1933),
“ * * * A prisoner in a penal institution whose sentence is irregular or voidable may not for that reason, and before somе court has so adjudged, defy his guards and run away. A difference of opinion might cause а death. Such a doctrine would set discipline at naught. * * * We are of opinion that аttempts at escape from such institutions are thereby forbidden to all inmates, and that, if they consider their confinement improper, they are bound to take other means to test the question.”
For the above reasons the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.