A jury has found that James (“Jimmy”) Small shot and killed Leroy Stafford, that he was guilty of murder in the first degree and, accordingly therefore, his punishment has been fixed at life imprisonment.
Among the instructions was one which told the jury that “voluntary drunkenness in any degree cannot justify, excuse, or mitigate the commission of a crime, and the fact, if it be a fact, that the defendant may have been drunk to any degree at the time of the homicide cannot be taken into consideration by the jury in making up their verdict.” The appellant insists that the instruction was improper in this particular case, that it was erroneous and in the circumstances he is entitled to a new trial. The appellant says that the instruction is erroneous because the “defendant denied his guilt and admitted no overt act which he sought to excuse or mitigate by reason of such condition, and there was evidence that defendant was unconscious
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from intoxication only seconds before the fatal shot was fired.” In his argument it is stated that he “was drunk,” “gave no indication that he was aware of what was going on,” was apparently “passed out” or “oblivious” and therefore was
"physically incapable of committing murder.”
In this connection it is said that generally the instruction is a proper statement of law (State v. Beasley,
To precisely point up the appellant’s contention, it should be noted that he relies on State v. Buxton,
On December 6, 1958, Jimmy Small and Bobby Young got off from work at 4:30 in the afternoon and after a few errands they and two other young men purchased a half gallon of wine. They went to one of the boy’s home, sat around, talked and drank. By 5 :30 or 6 o’clock they got another half gallon of wine, got some sandwiches and went to Alice Murphy’s house and played cards and drank. By 9:15 they all “chipped in” and got another gallon of wine, took some of the group to their homes, rode around, and finally went to Joe Hayes’ house. Joe was supposed to have a birthday party but “nobody showed up” and at 11:30 Bobby and Jimmy got Bobby’s car and drove to his home to get his shotgun and shells so they could go hunting early the next morning.. In addition to wine they had “some beer,” an unspecified quantity, and according to Bobby Young they were both drunk. • But Bobby did not testify or give evidence from which it was a fair inference that Jimmy was “passed out,” or “oblivious,” or “physically incapable of committing murder.” Just before Leroy Stafford, the deceased, fell, he said, “Jimmy didn’t look like he was asleep, to me.” Jimmy testified that he and Bobby were drunk, and while he remembered being in Jones Alley, around 8 o’clock, he thought, not 12 or 12:30, he did not see Leroy Stafford and he did not remember shooting him. He said, “I don’t think I did, because I thought, if I did, I think I would remember something about it.” He did remember having the gun in his hands while in Jones Alley and while *51 he finally testified that he did not shoot Leroy, he insisted, “I believe if I had of, I would have knowed something about it, anyway.” Also he says that he does not remember going to Greenfield after Stafford’s death about 12:30 in the morning. But, when they went to Bobby’s home for the gun at 11:30, Bobby’s mother said, “you could tell they both had been drinking. * * Well, it was enough, you know, to tell that they had been drinking. I couldn’t say that they were drunk, but — .”
Thus to summarize, and with deference to counsel, there is no evidence in this record that Jimmy was in a state of “stupefaction,” “passed out,” or that by reason of drunkenness he was incapable of loading, aiming and firing a shotgun, or, as his counsel say, “incapable of doing the (physical) act charged.” State v. Bartley,
Also in connection with the essential merits of the case, it is urged that the evidence is insufficient to warrant a finding of first degree murder because there is no direct evidence of deliberation and, it is said, no facts or circumstances from which deliberation may be inferred. V.A.M.S. § 559.010. It is contended that “the utmost,” “the state’s evidence tended to prove was that deceased was killed by a deadly weapon held in the hands of defendant, which act, even if intentional, raises only a presumption of second degree murder,” and, standing alone, does not permit the submission and finding of murder in the first degree. In brief, the appellant contends that the circumstances of this case fall within and are governed by the circumstances and rules applied in State v. Snow,
When Bobby and Jimmy got the single-barreled 12-gauge shotgun, against the mild admonition of Mrs. Young, Bobby also got nine live twelvergauge shells, all that he had left from a full box. He kept six of the shells and gave Jimmy three. Bobby placed the shotgun in the rear of his automobile, “had the butt of the gun on the floor * * * and the rest of it was pointing up against the back rear window,” and he and Jimmy resumed their rather desultory wandering. They left Bobby’s and drove down to Graham’s barbecue, then they stopped at Jimmy’s house, went back to Graham’s but there “wasn’t nobody up there” and so they started down to Tommy Brown’s on Jones Alley. Jones Alley is a short, very narrow paved street in Springfield, it is so narrow that automobiles traveling in opposite directions cannot pass one another. Bobby, with Jimmy in the front seat beside him, headed his automobile south into Jones Alley and when he was about 20 feet into the alley there was Harold Huddleston with his automobile headed north. Harold, incidentally, had driven in *52 to the alley about 100 feet. Harold and Bobby blinked their car lights at one another, honked horns, “jowled” arid cursed one another, each demanding that the other back out of the alley, Bobby finally bumping his áutóínobile into the front of Hud-dleston’s Mercury. Jimmy Small took no part in any of this argument, he sat silently in the front seat. While this árgúment was in progress á third car, also headed south, drové into Jones Alley but, of course, could not proceed and the driver, Franklin Mitchell started “honking his horn.” Mitchell had left the “Key Club” on Jones Alley in a borrowed automobile, picked up his cousin Leroy Stafford at Graham’s barbecue and they were returning to “the club” when they drove into the blocked alley. Stafford, unarmed, got out of the automobile driven by Mitchell and first went up to Huddle-ston’s automobile and Huddleston informed him that Young’s car was blocking the way and so he walked up to the driver’s side ■of Young’s car and “cussed us.” As Stafford stood there beside Young’s automobile, only a foot or two from the left front door and window, there was a blast from a shotgun and Stafford fell. According to the pathologist there were shotgun pellets, “paper-like material” and “waddings” in Stafford’s left chest cavity and his “heart had been practically blown away.” As Stafford fell Bobby backed his automobile out of Jones Alley and he and Jimmy drove to Greenfield to “Imogene’s house” but when Bobby knocked on her door she refused to admit them. They slept in the automobile and in the morning “started back to Springfield” but were met a few miles from Willard by sheriff’s and police officers and arrested.
Bobby Young has now “turned state’s ■evidence” and the appellant assails his credibility. However, his most damaging testimony was that he sat looking at Stafford, “but I didn’t know what was wrong with him” when he fell, and, he testified that Jimmy said, “ ‘Let’s go,’ * * * I went and shot that boy.” Also he says that after they left Greenfield, “I asked Jimmy did he shoot that boy, arid he said ‘Yowe.’ ” He said that he did not see the thirty-inch barreled shotgun in Jimmy’s hands, did not hear a shot or “remember hearing one.” When asked whether he saw Jimmy shoot Stafford, he said, “I didn’t see him. I couldn’t say he did shoot him. I’ didn’t see him.” He said, “I was all shook up, and all that,” and finally he could not remember whether Jimmy had said that he shot Stafford, “it sounded like he said it. * * * I did hear him say somebody shot somebody.” There is other incredible evidence and there are astonishing inconsistencies and if these and the foregoing were the only facts and circumstances it might well be that the appellant’s case would fall within the Snow and Kyles cases. But these are not the only circumstances, they are in fact only the background of the crucial, determinative circumstances.
When Mitchell drove into Jones Alley he stopped his automobile directly behind Young’s automobile, “five feet, or close to it.” He recognized the automobiles and their owners and he saw Jimmy Small sitting in the front seat next to the driver, Young. Stafford left Mitchell’s car unarmed, and Mitchell saw him speak to Hud-dleston who then moved his car over into a yard. And then he saw Stafford walk up to Young’s automobile, two or three feet away from and facing the driver’s window. He says that Stafford stood there a minute or two and that the appellant, Jimmy Small, shot him. On cross-examination this was his detailed description: “Well, he (Small) took the gun and he put it in this window, in the car window. I didn’t — I didn’t exactly see him just stick the gun up and point it at him, but after I seen the flash, well, I seen^ — I saw the gun in his possession. He had the gun, and he was taking it down.” He said that he did not see Small pull the trigger, but he repeatedly demonstrated that Jimmy was holding the gun by the stock and the barrel, pointed at an angle directly in front of Bobby Young. Repeatedly, he said, “I saw a flash, and when I saw the flash I saw him with the *53 gun. * * * He was — well, he was taking it out of the window.” After Stafford fell Mitchell got out of his automobile and, he says, “they drove off, real fast.”
The single-barreled shotgun was a “hammer shotgun” and before it can be fired it is necessary to first pull the “hammer back” or cock the gun and then pull the trigger. Furthermore, it was necessary for someone to load this shotgun before it could be aimed and fired successfully. There is necessarily no testimony as to what or who Stafford could see in the automobile, but as far as he was concerned the shotgun if not Small was concealed. The evidence of flight is not too compelling, they all knew one another and there wasn’t the slightest chance of concealing identity — and yet “they drove off, real fast” and drove all the way to Greenfield in the early hours of the morning even though they were on the way back to Springfield when arrested five or six hours later. When they were arrested and the automobile was searched the shotgun was found on the floor beneath the rear seat, and it had been partially if not entirely disassembled. The hand-guard, or the “forearm” was missing when the disassembled gun was found under the rear seat and the next morning it was found “under the front seat of the car * * * next to the driver’s side.” Stafford was unarmed, he was shot at close range and from the shotgun blast his “heart had been practically blown away.” There was no evidence of enmity or of previous ill feeling between Small and Stafford, and on this occasion there were no harsh words or challenges, they did not so much as speak. In short, as to the issue precisely involved here, deliberation and premeditation and therefore first degree murder, the case is admittedly close. Nevertheless, in all the circumstances and particularly the circumstances immediately attending the killing, the inferences of premeditation and deliberation are permissible. State v. Page, Mo.,
When Young and Small got the shotgun about 11:30 Young had 9 live shells', he kept 6 and gave Small 3. When they were arrested and searched out on the highway Young had 6 live shells. At that time a deputy sheriff found 2 live and 1 spent twelve-gauge shells on the floor of the automobile, “more or less where the person riding next to the driver would be sitting.” Subsequently another live shell was found, thus there were 9 live shells ánd Í spent shell although Bobby and Jimmy started out with 9 live shells. Bobby was of the opinion that the spent shell may have come from a hunting trip some time ago, although this is not the only permissible inference. While there were no ballistics tests and no direct evidence that the spent shell was fired from the shotgun, the shells were all twelve-gauge and “fit that shotgun.” Immediately after they were found the shells were all placed in a marked envelope and preserved by a deputy sheriff. It is now objected that the court erred in admitting the shells in evidence because “the shells were not found in or taken from defendant’s possession, nor was the fired shell connected with the fatal wound or with the evidence gun.”
In support of his contention that the shells were improperly admitted in evidence the appellant cites State v. Wynne,
Finally, it is contended that the appellant is entitled to a new trial and that the trial court erred in not sustaining his motion for a new trial upon his assignment that the foreman of the jury was improperly permitted to leave the jury room and discuss with the deputy sheriff in charge of the jury whether a “defendant under a life sentence was usually paroled sooner than one sentenced for a term of years.” See V.A.M.S. §§ 546.230, 547.020; State v. Jones,
On April 15, 1959, the jury returned its. verdict finding the appellant guilty. Under the rules the appellant had ten days and upon request an additional thirty days in which to file his motion for a new trial,. “Provided further, the court shall have no-power to make another or further extension of the time for filing said motion.” Sup.Ct. Rule 27.20, V.A.M.R. On April 20, five days after the verdict, the court granted the defendant “thirty days from date of' Verdict” to file his motion. The motion for a new trial was timely filed on May 14, 1959, and on June 25, 1959, the defendant filed his petition to amend the motion. Thus, as the state says, “On June 25, 1959, 72 days after the verdict was received in this case, and 36 days after the extreme limit of the time which the trial court granted” for filing a motion for new trial; the defendant attempted to amend the motion.
It is not necessary to say whether in any event a motion for a new trial may or may - not be amended, it is sufficient for the purposes of this appeal to say, in the absence-of a showing as to how this court may disregard the general rule, that the amended assignment was not timely filed and therefore may not be considered. State v. LaBreyere,
The appellant was represented by court-appointed counsel, not only did they ably and vigorously represent and defend the appellant to the utmost, they have briefed his case and orally argued it in this court.
In addition to the briefed assignments of error, this court has considered “those matters upon the record before it.” Sup.Ct. Rule 28.02. Therefore the judgment is affirmed.
PER CURIAM.
The foregoing opinion by BARRETT, •C., is adopted as the opinion of the Court.
All concur.