105 Mo. 530 | Mo. | 1891
Defendant was tried and convicted of arson. The indictment contained four counts. The first charges one, Thomas Pearson, with arson in
The verdict was as follows: “We, the jury, find the defendant guilty in manner and form as charged in the indictment, and assess his punishment at imprisonment in the penitentiary for five years.”
I. The evidence was not preserved in the bill of exceptions, and its sufficiency cannot be considered. It must, therefore, be assumed that the evidence tended to prove the facts upon which the instructions were hypothecated, and that it was sufficient to justify the verdict. If the facts to be found by the jury, under the instructions, did not warrant the conclusions of law to be deduced therefrom, then the instructions were improper. State v. Brown, 75 Mo. 317 ; State v. Mallon, 75 Mo. 355; State v. Burk, 89 Mo. 635.
The court gave to the jury the following instructions: “10. The court instructs the jury that, if they believe from the evidence that Sig. Sivils, after his arrest for the crime charged in this indictment, tried to induce the guard to permit him to escape, such attempt to induce the guard to permit him to escape raises a strong presumption of his guilt, which circumstances, if so px’oven, it devolves upon the defendant to explain, and, unless explained to your satisfaction, you will consider
“11. The court instructs the jury that, if they believe from the evidence that the defendant, at any time, tried to procure any witness or witnesses to swear or testify falsely for him on the trial of this cause, or tried to get any person to ascertain where the indictment or bond was, for the purpose of destroying or making away with the same, such facts, if proven, are strong presumptions to guilt, which it devolves upon the defendant to explain upon a theory consistent with Jiis innocence.”
In criminal cases the duty is imposed upon the court to instruct the jury, in writing, upon all questions of law arising in the case which are necessary for their information in giving their verdict, but the right to comment upon the evidence is expressly denied them; R. S. 1879, secs. 1908. 1920.
We think the foregoing instructions and others given, which have not been copied, are clearly commentaries upon the evidence and in violation of the positive provisions of the statutes above quoted. The evidence, upon which these instructions were hypothecated, was properly admissible as circumstances from which guilt might be inferred, but the inference should be drawn by the jury, without aid or suggestion from the court. The court should determine the admissibility of the evidence, and the jury its weight and effect. “Where the law fixes the weight or effect of evidence, there is no impropriety in the court declaring it to the jury;, but, when one fact or piece of evidence is merely used to show the existence of another fact which is to be found by the jury, the court cannot, by way of instruction, direct the jury that the inference is warranted. If it is so, the law presumes the juries more competent to draw it than the judge, our law will not allow the judge even to comment on 1he evidence when the jury may give what weight they please to the comment.” Chouquette
II. The verdict is sufficient to support the judgment. Defendant was charged in the indictment with arson in the second and third degrees. The verdict was authorized under the counts for arson in the third degree. Defendant was not convicted of a degree of the offense inferior to that alleged in the indictment, and it was not necessary to specify in the verdict the degree of arson of which the jury found him guilty. R. S. 1879, secs. 1927, 1291 ; State v. Pitts, 58 Mo. 558; State v. Matrassey, 47 Mo. 296; State v. Steptoe, 65 Mo. 640. Reversed and remanded.