453 P.2d 146
Utah
1969

Lead Opinion

CROCKETT, Chief Justice.

The defendant was charged by information with unlawful possession of LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide). After an unsuccessful motion to quash, the defendаnt admitted his possession and was found guilty of a felony as charged and sentenced to the Utah State Prison. He appeals, at*345'tacking the validity of his sentence and the statute under which it was imposed.

The. question here presented arises because of an uncertainty created by an overlapping of our statutes dealing with such drugs. Under what is called the Drug Abuse Control Law, enacted as Chaрter 140, Session Laws of 1967 (§ 58-33-1 (d) [U.C.A.1953]), it is provided:

The term “depressant or stimulant drug” means: (3) Any drug or derivative containing any quantity of d-Lyser-gic acid diethylamide сommonly known as" LSD.

Section 58-33-2 prohibits possession and Section 58-33-4(a) provides that:

Any person who violates any of the provisions оf section 58-33-2 shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall on conviction thereof be subject ‍​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​‌‌​​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‍to imprisonment for not more than one year ox a fine of not more than one thousand dollars or both such imprisonment and fine;

The overlapping in our statute occurs bel cause the same session of the legislature in Chapter 139 passed an amendment to the Narcotic Drug Act as follows: . ■■

§ 58 — 13a—l(16j “Narсotic drugs” means * * * LSD-25, and every substance neither chemically nor physically dis-tinguishabe from them.
: § 58-13a-2. It shall be unlawful for any person to * * * possess * * ' * any narcotic drug, except as authorized in this act.
§ 58-13a-44. * * * Any person violating any other provision of this chapter shall, upon conviction, be punished for the first offense by a fine of not less than $1,000 or by imprisonment, in the Utah state prison for not exceeding five years, or by both such fine and imprisonment, * * *.

We agree with the proposition advocаted by the defendant that the equal protection ‍​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​‌‌​​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‍of the laws requires that they affect alike all persons similarly situated.1 It is therefore necessary for us to determine which of the two penalties should apply to persons found guilty' of possession of LSD to obviate unequal treatment of such persons' under, the law.2 We first direct attention to the generally-recognized rule that where there is сonflict between two legislative acts the latest will ordinarily prevail. But in this instance that rule is not helpful. Although it is true' that the Drug Abuse Control Act-was" the later enactment by-á few days," both statutes were passed at the sanie session of the legislature', and they ■•have the same effectve date. In such a situation the rule that the later act takes precedence over the former has no *346•application unless there is a clearly-expressed intention to that effect.3 We must therefore look to the two statutes vis-a-vis eаch other.

Looking at the Drug Abuse Control Act by itself, there is a clear and understandable specification of the drug and that its unlawful pоssession is punishable as . a misdemeanor. However, if that Act is read carefully the situation is beclouded' because there is another provision, § 58-33-6 (g) which states:

Notwithstanding the other provisions of this act, whenever the possession, sale, transfer, or dispensing of any drug or substance would constitute an offense under this act and also constitutes an offense ‍​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​‌‌​​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‍under the laws of this state relating to the possession, sale, transfer, or dispensing of narcotic drugs or marijuana, such offense shall not be punishable under this act but shall be punishable under such other provision of law,

This reference to “such other provision of the law” leaves one concerned with compliance with the law to seаrch elsewhere to discover whether some “other provision of the law” dealing with narcotic drugs or marijuana prescribes some other penalty for the possession of LSD. The well-established rule is that a statute creating a crime should be sufficiently certain that persons of ordinary intelligence who desire to obey the law may know how to conduct themselves in conformity with it.4 A fair and logical concomitant of that rule is that such a penal statute should be similarly clear, specific and understandable as to the penalty imposed for its violation.

Related to the doctrine just stated is the rule that where there is doubt or uncertainty as to which of twо punishments is applicable to an offense an accused is entitled to the benefit of the lesser.5 This impels the conclusion hеre that the clear, specific and lesser penalty prescribed' for the offense as a misdemeanor under Sec. 58-33-2 is the оne which should be imposed. We -say this mindful of our statute which provides that the common-law rule of strict construction of statutes is not aрplicable in this state. But it is our opinion the conclusion we have reached is in harmony with that section’s further mandate that :our statutеs should be “construed according to the fair import of their *347terms with á view to effect the objects of the statutes and to promote justice.” 6

It has previously been adjudicated that when the wrong sentence has been ‍​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​‌‌​​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‍imposed, the correct procedure is to impose the proper sentence.7 Remanded for .proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion. (All emphasis added.)

CALLISTER and TUCKETT, JJ., concur.

Notes

. McDonald v. Commonwealth of Mass., 180 U.S. 311, 21 S.Ct. 389, 45 L.Ed. 542.

. Cf. State v. Fowler, 193 N.C. 290, 136 S.E. 709.

. Cf. In re Lewis, Okl., 380 P.2d 697.

. See State v. Musser, 118 Utah 537, 223 P.2d 193, 194, United States v. L. Cohen Grocery Co., 255 U.S. 81, 41 S.Ct. 298, 65 L.Ed. 516, and Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451, 59 S.Ct. 618, 83 L.Ed. 888.

.State v. Brunson, 162 La. 902, 111 So. 321, 50 A.L.R. 1531; State v. Mitchell, 217 N.C. 244, 7 S.E.2d 567 and United States v. Universal C.I.T. Credit Corp., 344 U.S. 218, 73 S.Ct. 227, 97 L.Ed. 260.

. § 76-1-2, U.C.A.1953.

. State v. Justice, 44 Utah 484, 141 P. 109.



Dissenting Opinion

HENRIOD, Justice

(dissenting).

I dissent. Í wоuld be constrained to concur except for the statement in the main ■opinion that “where there is- doubt or uncertainty as to which of two punishments' is applicable to an offense an accused is en-, titled to the benefit of the lesser.” I believe that the .quоted statement should ' be the law, and is the law in at least a great majority of the states other than Utah. In saying this I refer to State v. Twitchell, 8 Utah 2d 314, 333 P.2d 1075 (1959)' in whiсh the author of the instant opinion concurred.' It seems to me that Twitchell flies in the teeth of the instant case, and unless over-' ruled, should be controlling here. It seems to me that the Twitchell case supports the conclusion arrived -at in Mr. Justice -El-lett’s dissent.





Dissenting Opinion

’ELLETT, Justice

(dissenting).

I dissent. The statutеs are too clear for me to see any conflict whatever between them. Title 58, Chapter 33, U.C.A.1953, is known as the Drug Abuse Control Law. It in substance-'provides that initial violations of its provisions amount to an indictable misdemeanor,' and ;it sets forth the punishment therefor -in. Sec. 58-33-4. Hоwever, it further provides bySec. 58-33-6(gJ, that if a violation of one of its provisions is also a violation, of the Uniform Narcotic Drug Act- (Title 58, Chаpter 13a), then the punishment will be under the latter (a- felony) and not under the former (an indictable misdemeanor).

The same legislature which passed the Drug Abuse Control.Act also amended the Uniform Narcotic .Drug Act so as to include a prohibition .against the possessiоn and so forth of LSD-25 1

It, therefore, seems obvious to me that all the world must know and understand what the punishment ‍​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌​​​‌‌​​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌‍for'unlawful'possession of-LSD is. I would affirm the judgment and sentence of the trial court.

. The figure 25 indicates simply the date of discovery of the drug and does not . purport' .to indicate any different form of drug other than LSD.