681 P.2d 986 | Or. Ct. App. | 1978
Defendant was indicted for assault in the first degree (ORS 163.185), the alleged dangerous weapon being an automobile. The indictment was dismissed, and the state appeals.
The automobile accident out of which the assault charge arose occurred on November 11, 1976. The condition of the alleged victim did not stabilize until two months later. After her condition had stabilized, the district attorney delayed another eight months until defendant had turned 18 years of age before seeking an indictment. It is conceded that the delay was intentional and was for the sole purpose of avoiding a juvenile court remand proceeding under ORS 419.533(1),
Defendant asserts that the intentional delay was a basically unfair exercise of power by the district attorney in violation of the policy underlying the remand statute, which entrusts to the juvenile court the determination of whether a person between 16 and 18 years of age should be treated as an adult. The trial court agreed. However, there is no statutory authority for the dismissal of an indictment on that basis.
In some circumstances, even in the absence of a statutory authorization, a dismissal may be the appropriate remedy for the protection of a constitutional right. United States v. Marion, 404 US 307, 92 S Ct 455, 30 L Ed 2d 468 (1971); State v. Serrell, 265 Or 216,
With respect to defendant’s claim that his right to equal protection was denied, it suffices to say that he has not pointed to anything that could amount to an invidious or other unreasonable, impermissible classification or discrimination that could trigger such a holding.
In State v. Serrell, supra, the Supreme Court recognized that, while the "primary guarantee” against the bringing of stale criminal charges is the statute of limitations, there may be a Fifth Amendment right to be charged promptly for an offense. The court relied on the following language from United States v. Marion, supra, 404 US at 324-25:
"* * * [I]t is appropriate to note here that the statute of limitations does not fully define the appellees’ rights with respect to the events occurring prior to indictment. Thus, the Government concedes that the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment would require dismissal of the indictment if it were shown at trial that the pre-indictment delay in this case would cause substantial prejudice to appellees’ rights to a fair trial and that*583 the delay was an intentional device to gain tactical advantage over the accused. * * *”
In Serrell the burden of proving prejudice was placed on the defendant. See also State v. Vance, 24 Or App 283, 545 P2d 604, rev den (1976). We do not understand defendant to argue that the avoidance of a juvenile proceeding deprived him of the possibility of a fair trial on the indictment or gave the state an unfair advantage in trying the criminal charge, and the trial judge made no finding that the delay here caused substantial prejudice to the defendant. We do understand defendant to argue that during the delay of several months in bringing the charge, several evidential factors changed or were altered, but the trial judge made no finding that the delay was the cause of those things or that they prejudiced his ability to make a defense. Possibly a showing of prejudicial cause and effect can be made in subsequent proceedings, but that showing was not made when the case was dismissed.
Reversed and remanded.
ORS 419.533(1):
"A child may be remanded to a circuit, district, justice or municipal court of competent jurisdiction for disposition as an adult if:
"(a) The child is at the time of the remand 16 years of age or older; "(b) The child committed or is alleged to have committed a criminal offense or a violation of a municipal ordinance; and
"(c) The juvenile court determines that retaining jurisdiction will not serve the best interests of the child because the child is not amenable to rehabilitation in facilities or programs available to the court.”