Defendant, Kenneth James Scott, appeals conviction of murder in the second degree pursuant to § 565.021 RSMo 1986, after being charged with murder in the first degree. We affirm.
On the night of September 16, 1987, the victim, Kathy Gilstrap, was given a ride from work to the Vocational Technical School in Macon, Missouri. She entered the building to meet her father-in-law. He was to give her а ride home.
Bill Gilstrap, her father-in-law, left class around 9:40 p.m. He was unable to find Kathy inside so he began to look outside. About 10:00 p.m., Sergeant Mark Miller of the Macon Sheriff’s Department noticed lights in the school parking lot and proceeded to investigate. After discovering Kathy left her place of employment at approximately 9:00 p.m., two offiсers and Bill Gil-strap began searching the school. They found her purse in a common area, so they began searching classrooms.
Defendant, the janitor at the school, оpened the locked doors in order for the classrooms to be searched. The search party located Kathy in the automotive shop laying on her stomach with hеr legs extended. Her shoulders and neck were suspended off the ground by a rope that was attached to a jack in the shop. Her arms were tied behind her back.
Further investigatiоn revealed rope similar to that used on the victim in the janitor’s closet in the Vo-Tech building. Additionally, the knots used were recognized by defendant’s ex-wife as those frequently used by defendant.
The pathologist report revealed Kathy was killed as a result of compression of the neck and possibly manual strangulation. Defendant’s former mother-in-law testified dеfendant had often stated he could strangle someone with his hands. She also verified defendant drove a car like the one seen at the school on the night of the murder.
In his first point on appeal, defendant alleges the trial court erred in overruling his motion to suppress statements he made after his arrest. He claims the statements should have been suppressed because hе suffered from “major depression, recurrent, with mood congruent psychotic features.” Defendant asserts the mental illness prevented him from making a knowing and intelligent waiver of his Mirаnda rights. We disagree.
This murder went unsolved for two years until defendant confessed to a minister who notified police. Two Macon County police officers then arrested defеndant in Louisiana, Missouri, early in the morning on April 6, 1989. Before transporting defendant, he was advised of his Miranda rights but he was not questioned. In route, however, defendant made an unsolicited statement that he wanted to make things right with God.
Once in Macon, defendant was again read his rights and he signed a waiver. He then confessed to killing Kathy Gilstrap. The statement was recordеd on video tape and defendant signed a written statement. Later that day, defendant confessed on video again to the Missouri Highway Patrol. That tape was shown to the jury at triаl.
Defendant finds support for a claim that his confession was not knowing and intelligent in the testimony of two psychiatrists. Both doctors diagnosed defendant as “major depression recurrent.” They also testified that, in their opinion, defendant was depressed at the time he made the confession. Defendant argues this illness made his confession incompetent.
Thе doctors, however, also stated defendant “understood that he was making a statement which could be used against him.” In order to constitute a constitutionally permissible waiver, defendant must understand he could remain silent and that choosing to waive his rights could result in statements being used against him. State v. Powell,
The question of waiver is one of fact, and the trial court’s findings of fact concerning waiver will not be overturned unless clearly erroneous. Powell,
Defendant also claims the trial cоurt erred in not making specific findings of knowing and intelligent waiver as required by the Supreme Court in State v. Bittick,
A judge need not make a particular formal finding. State v. Schnick,
Defendant’s third point invоlves three allegations of jury instruction error. None of the contentions have merit. First, defendant contends the trial court erred in not administering MAI-CR3rd 306.04, a limiting instruction regarding expert testimony on mental responsibility. We agree error was committed. Under Notes on Use 3 and Rule 28.02(f), the court was required to submit this instruction to the jury, but did not. However, the same rule requires the court to determine prejudice in not submitting a required instruction.
In this case, we very carefully reviewed the testimony of both psychiatrists. The missing instruction would inform the jury not to consider defendant’s statements to psychiatrists in determining guilt or innocence. There was no mention of facts surrounding the alleged criminal acts, either directly or in a manner in which the jury could draw inferencеs which would violate the defendant’s rights against self incrimination. The testimony was limited, through constant objections by the prosecutor, to diagnosis of defendant’s mental illness. The instruction wаs superfluous. Hence, defendant suffered no prejudice. Point denied.
Second, defendant contends the court erred in failing to submit instruction MAI-CR3rd 306.02, relating to the affirmative defense of mental disease or defect excluding responsibility, as the second instructional error. Defendant claims there was adequate evidence to support use of this instruction. We find the trial court correctly omitted this instruction.
Defendant must demonstrate two things in order for the defense of mental disease or defect to be available to him: (1) that he hаd a mental disease or defect; and (2) that as a result of the mental disease or defect he did not know or appreciate the nature, quality or wrongfulness of his conduct or was incapable of conforming his conduct to the requirements of law. State v. Foerstel,
Defendant called the psychiatrists to testify. They conclusively established that defendant suffers from dеpression, which is a condition under § 552.030. Prong two of the requirements, however, is expressly refuted by the psychiatrists who offer the only evidence regarding defendant’s mental state. Both dоctors state that defendant’s bouts of depression did not prevent him from knowing the wrongfulness of his acts nor did it make him incapable of conforming his conduct to the requirements of lаw. Therefore, defendant’s point fails.
The third claimed instruction error involves MAI-CR3rd 300.20. Defendant contends this limiting instruction was required because a part of the trial involved expert testimоny regarding mental examinations pursuant to § 552.030 RSMo 1986.
Although this instruction is mandatory under the facts of this ease, Notes on Use 5 clearly states it is the duty of counsel to remind the court to give it. Thе defendant in this case did not remind the court. “The want of reminder or request by counsel to the court — in view of the peremptory duty the Notes on Use impose — constitutes a waiver of any point that the oversight to instruct was error.” State v. Johnson,
Finally, defendant contends MAI-CR3rd 302.04 defining reasonable doubt as firmly convinced does not meet the standard set in Cage v. Louisiana,
Judgment affirmed.