State v. Schar
50 Mo. 393
Mo.
1872
Check Treatment
Adams, Judge,

delivered the opinion of the court.

This was an action on a constable’s bond for failure to return an execution. The answer of the sureties was a general denial *394of all the.-allegations. The plaintiff, to maintain his case, read the docket of the justice, .which showed a judgment: and the issuing of an execution ; but there was nothing on the docket, nor any other evidence,, to. show that the. execution was delivered to the constable.

On this evidence the plaintiff asked the court to declare the law to be that if the execution was delivered to the constable it.devolved upon the constable to show that it had been duly returned. This instruction.was refused, and. the court, having found for defendants, the plaintiff filed a motion for a new trial,, accompanied, by the-affidavit of- his attorney that he w.as taken by surprise by the decision of the court in refusing his instruction. The. motion for a new trial was overruled and judgment given for defendants.

The general rule is that he:.who alleges an affirmative is. hound to prove it. But there are some exceptions to .this rule. -Where the plaintiff .grounds: his, right of action upon a. negative, allegation, and the proof of the affirmative is-.not .peculiarly within the knowledge and power of-the other party, the establishment.of this negative is an essential element o!• the plaintiff’s case. . Where, however, the subject-matter of a negative averment lies peculiarly within the knowledge of the other party, the averment is taken as true; unless disproved by that party. (1 Greenl. Ev., § 79.) This is- the case in regard to informations or indictments against persons for keeping a dram-shop without license. The State proves the selling of the liquor, and rests, and the defendant must produce his license. There is some conflict in the authorities on this question, but I think the better rule, in such case is that the onus is on the defendant to produce his license’. (See Schmidt v. The State, 14 Mo. 137; The State v. Morrison, 3 Dev., N. C., 299; Haskill v. The Commonwealth, 3 B. Monr. 342; Geuing v. The State, 1 McCord, 573; Shearer v. The State, 7 Blackf., Ind., 99; Turner’s case, 5 Maule & S. 206; Apothecaries’ Co. v. Bently, 1 Carr. & P. 538.)

I see no material difference between the case of a license and an execution. -If-you proved that an execution was delivered to a constable or a sheriff, to be executed by him, he ought to account for it. What was done by him with the execution, is within his *395peculiar knowledge. It' be still bas tbe execution he can-produce it. It be bas.returned it be bas access .to the files, and can protect himself by his return on tbe execution. This was- tbe doctrine as declared, by this court in The State, etc., v. Melton et al., 8 Mo. 417, and we see no reason to change-the rule. In tbe case under consideration there was no proof that the execution was ever delivered to tbe constable, and, for .this -reason the instruction was rightly, refused.

Tbe affidavit filed with tbe motion for a new trial-affords no grounds for setting aside the verdict. Tbe giving or refusing of instructions cannot operate as a surprise. ■ If -they are- not tbe law, the party bas bis remedy by appeal or writ of error. .If they are tbe law, tbe party is not injured, and there could be no surprise, as be or bis counsel should have made themselves acquainted with all tbe law of bis case.

Judgment affirmed.

Tbe other judges concur.