30 Wash. 692 | Wash. | 1903
The opinion of the court was delivered by
Appellant was tried and convicted for the crime of rape, committed upon his own fifteen year old daughter. Prom a judgment of conviction and sentence, he appeals, alleging (1) that the evidence is not sufficient to sustain a conviction, (2) errors in the admission and rejection of certain evidence, and (3) errors in instructions given and refused. The evidence in brief was substantially as follows: The appellant and his family, consisting of a wife, two daughters, and a son, had lived in Skagit county on a farm for about fifteen years. Lulu Roller, the youngest child, was, at the time of the trial in Pebruary,
“ Vernon, B. C.
Dear Floyd:
They have me in jail. If it comes to court have Lulu to refuse to testify. She can if she wants to. She doesn’t have to go against her own father. Please do and get me out of this scrape.
Tours as ever.”
While there are many things in the evidence which seem unnatural and unreasonable, and while the incident of flight may of itself be a very weak indication of guilt under the explanation of the appellant that he was afraid of violence because of the excitement in the neighborhood, yet, after a careful consideration of all the evidence; we are convinced that theayi was sufficient to go to the jury; and, if the prosecuting witness needed corroboration, sufficient was found, in the letter above referred to, in the conduct of the defendant when he was first informed of the charge his daughter had made against him, and his subsequent conduct, to warrant the jury in returning a verdict of guilty. Under the well-established rule, as laid down in State v. Kroenert, 13 Wash. 644 (43 Pac. 816), State v. Murphy, 15 Wash. 98 (45 Pac. 729), and many subsequent cases, this court will not disturb the verdict of the jury.
It is complained as error that the lower court permitted the officer of Skagit county in this state, who received the custody of appellant from the British Columbia authorities, to state for what crime the appellant was extradited. Ho doubt the warrant itself was the best evidence of this fact. It clearly appears from the record that the arrest of the appellant in British Columbia was made under a warrant issued by the judge under the extradition act in British Columbia, which warrant was introduced in evi
It was argued by counsel for the defense that the crime for which the defendant was extradited was not the one for which he was being tried, because the prosecuting witness testified that her father had carnally known her by force, while the information charged that the appellant “did unlawfully and feloniously carnally know and abuse one Lulu Boiler, then and there being a female child under the age of sixteen years, to-wit, the age of fifteen years.” The statute, § 7062, Bal. Code, defines rape as follows:
“A person shall be deemed guilty of rape who, — (1) Shall, by force and against her will, ravish and carnally know any female of the age.of eighteen years or more; (2) Shall, by deceit, deception, imposition or fraud, in*697 duce a female to submit to sexual intercourse; (3) Shall carnally know any female child under the age of eighteen years.”
When it was alleged and proved that the prosecutrix was under the age of eighteen years, it was not necessary to prove force. Force is conclusively presumed, and the proof of force in such a case does not take away or add to the elements constituting the offense. The fact that the prosecuting witness testified that the appellant used force does not change the character of the crime under the statute ; it was still the same crime alleged in the information and alleged in the record of extradition. If the crime for which the appellant was placed on trial was not the crime for which he was extradited, this was proper to be raised by the defendant in the nature of a plea in abatement and must be shown by the record. It was a question of law for the court upon the record, with which the jury had nothing to do.
While Floyd Holler, a witness for the prosecution, was on the stand, he was asked on cross-examination the following questions: “Do you mean to say you would tell a lie on that occasion in order to mislead me on this trial ?” This question referred to a previous occasion, when the witness had talked with the attorney for the defendant concerning the case. His answer was, “I might have.” “You are willing to swear to a lie now to mislead the jury, are you not?” To this question an objection was made, but no ground stated, and the court sustained the objection. Further on the witness was again asked with reference to the same matter: “You were perfectly willing at that time to tell a falsehood to me in that matter?” Answer: “Certainly I was.” “I want to ask you if you consider that you are at liberty every time your interests are at
The same witness was asked this question: “What, if anything, have you ever been furnishing to carry on this defense ?” The objection to this was properly sustained. The witness had shown that he had taken an active part in the prosecution. It was unnecessary to show that he had contributed nothing to the defense. A similar question was also asked of the witness Mr. Postlewait, and was properly denied for the same reason. Mr. Postlewait was also asked: “Do you remember of hearing me ask Mr. Floyd Poller this question: If he claimed to own the flume, and then asked him by what right, and he replied that his father had forfeited his part, and that the whole thing belonged to him?” Objection was properly sustained to this question, because the witness had either before gone over the matter1, or was subsequently permitted to answer substantially the same question in another form.
Counsel for appellant requested the court to instruct the jury as follows:
“The testimony of the prosecutrix alone is not sufficient upon which to base a conviction. It must be in some way corroborated. The wrong includes violence done to the prosecutrix, and if this could be shown by proof aside from her testimony, and such proof be not produced, the defendant should be acquitted.”
“I instruct you further in cases of this kind, if you find from the evidence beyond all reasonable doubt, such as I will define to you, that the prosecutrix in this case, viz., Lulu Roller, was a female child under the age of eighteen years at the time mentioned in the information, and if you further believe beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant had illicit sexual intercourse with such prosecutrix at the time mentioned in the information, and you further find that her credibility had in no manner been successfully impeached, and you believe her testimony and disbelieve the defendant, you will have a right to return a verdict of guilty against the defendant, even though there has been no corroborating testimony offered or given in this case in support of the testimony of the prosecutrix as to the particular acts constituting the offense of rape as heretofore defined. . . . You are instructed that a charge of the nature of that for which the defendant is on trial is particularly difficult for the state to prove or the defendant to clear himself of. Yo charge can be more easily made, and none is more difficult to prove or disprove. Rrom the nature of the case, the complaining witness and the defendant are generally the only witnesses. You should be satisfied that a case is made out by the state as outlined in these instructions, beyond all reasonable doubt, before you find the defendant guilty, if you should find him guilty. And if you are not satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt, you should acquit the defendant.”
In this state there is no statute requiring the prosecuting witness to be corroborated in cases of this character. The instructions given by the court clearly state the correct rule in this state. See McClain on Criminal Law, § 458, and authorities there cited.
A number of other instructions were requested by the defendant which were refused by the court. It is unnecessary to set these instructions out or discuss them in this
There is no reversible error in the record, and the judgment is affirmed.
Teavis, C. J., and Tulleeton, Andebs and Dunbab, JJ., concur.